Women Remain Underrepresented Among Scientists And Engineers Despite Sector Growth

Overview Of The Sector Growth

Recent Eurostat data show continued growth in Europe’s science and technology workforce. In 2025, more than 81.6 million people aged 15 to 74 were employed in science and technology occupations across the European Union, representing a 1.8% increase compared with 2024 and a 25.3% rise over the past decade.

Cyprus recorded a similar trend, with women accounting for 51.8% of the science and technology workforce, slightly below the EU average but still among member states where women represent a majority of employees in the sector.

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Women’s Representation And Its Implications

Women accounted for 52.5% of the science and technology workforce across the EU, representing approximately 42.8 million workers. Service activities remained the largest area of employment for women in the sector. Their share increased by 2.3% compared with the previous year and by 27.9% since 2015, equivalent to an increase of 9.3 million workers. The figures reflect the continued growth of female participation across science and technology occupations over the past decade.

Persistent Gender Imbalance In Specialized Roles

Despite representing a majority of the overall science and technology workforce, women remained less represented in specialist positions such as scientists and engineers. In 2025, women accounted for 40.8% of scientists and engineers across the European Union, an increase of 0.5 percentage points compared with 2015. At the same time, the number of women employed in these professions rose from 5.3 million in 2015 to 8.2 million in 2025, representing a growth of 54.4%. Germany recorded the largest number of scientists and engineers in the EU, with 4.2 million people employed in these occupations.

Regional Variations Across Europe

Disparities are also evident at the regional level. Latvia, for instance, recorded the highest share of women in science and technology at 62.4%, followed by Hungary’s Great Plain and North region (61.1%) and Estonia (60.5%). In contrast, Corsica in France reported only 42.7%, with Malta and Italy’s Centre region trailing at 46.0% and 47.2% respectively. These variations signal the need for tailored policies to address local challenges while promoting a unified approach toward gender inclusivity across the EU.

Conclusion

Eurostat data show continued growth in science and technology employment across Europe, alongside rising female participation in the sector. Women represented a majority of the overall science and technology workforce in 2025, although their share among scientists and engineers remained lower than in the broader sector. The latest figures provide a snapshot of how employment patterns across science and technology occupations have evolved over the past decade.

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Europe’s Deadly Summer Heat Exposed The Cost Of A Warming Continent

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

October 23, 2026

Europe experienced its deadliest summer for heat-related deaths on record in 2026, with an estimated 24,400 excess deaths linked to extreme temperatures across 30 countries. Researchers estimate that human-induced climate change was responsible for around 32,000 of the deaths attributed to heat in the study’s broader analysis, accounting for 65% of the total.

The findings highlight the growing public-health consequences of global warming, largely driven by fossil fuel use, as extreme heat becomes more frequent and severe.

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A Summer Of Dangerous Heat

Between June and August, heatwaves pushed temperatures in Western Europe to an average of 2.9°C above the 1991–2020 norm, with some days reaching 12°C above average. Nearly a third of estimated heat-related deaths occurred during a particularly intense heatwave between 17 June and 1 July.

“These numbers are a stark reminder that our hotter, more extreme summers are having an increasingly severe impact on public health,” said Dr Clair Barnes, a researcher at Imperial College London and co-author of the study.

The estimated toll exceeded previous peaks of around 29,000 deaths in summer 2022 and 28,000 in 2003 across the region studied.

How Researchers Estimated The Toll

Researchers modelled the relationship between temperature and mortality across 854 urban areas in the EU, UK, Norway and Switzerland, covering around 40% of the population in the 30 countries studied.

The analysis incorporated temperature records, age, socioeconomic conditions, environmental factors and access to healthcare. By comparing actual temperatures with those expected without human-induced warming, the team estimated the additional deaths attributable to climate change.

Final official mortality figures for summer 2026 are not yet available in many countries, and heat-related deaths are often underreported because their effects can be difficult to identify directly.

Older People Face The Greatest Risk

People aged 85 and over accounted for roughly half of the estimated deaths. However, the impact extended across age groups, with around 800 excess deaths among adults aged 20–44 and approximately 6,000 among people under 65.

Southern Europe experienced the highest mortality burden, reflecting hotter temperatures and other vulnerabilities, including air pollution, limited green space and unequal access to healthcare and heat-alert systems.

Italy, France And Spain Record Highest Toll

Italy recorded an estimated 13,303 heat-related excess deaths, followed by France with 7,268 and Spain with 6,824. Germany recorded around 6,340, while the UK saw an estimated 4,354 deaths.

In the UK, the heat also placed significant pressure on healthcare services. Andrew Hartle, Professor of Practice of Anaesthesia at Imperial College Healthcare, said demand during the summer resembled that of a severe winter virus season.

Cities Urged To Strengthen Heat Protection

Researchers say cities can reduce the risks through climate shelters, external shading and building retrofits, alongside measures to help residents avoid exposure during the hottest hours. Checking on vulnerable people, staying hydrated and following heat alerts are also important.

The researchers stress that adaptation must go hand in hand with reducing fossil fuel use to limit further warming. The findings underline that extreme heat is already a major public-health threat across Europe, with thousands of lives at risk each summer.

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