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Uzbekistan Fintech Uzum Valued At $2.3 Billion After New Funding

Uzbekistan’s fintech leader Uzum has achieved a remarkable $2.3 billion valuation, marking a 53% increase in just seven months. This surge comes on the back of a $131.5 million funding round led by sovereign wealth funds from Oman, with continued backing from investors such as Tencent, VR Capital, and FinSight Ventures.

The investment round comprises $81.5 million in equity and $50 million in convertible financing, positioning the startup for a potential pre-IPO raise of $250 million to $300 million in late 2026 or early 2027. Notably, this follows an earlier milestone when Uzum secured $65.5 million at a $1.5 billion valuation in August 2025, establishing it as the country’s first unicorn.

Building Uzbekistan’s Digital Ecosystem

Founded in 2022, Uzum operates a digital platform that combines e-commerce, payments and consumer lending services. The company initially launched Uzum Market as an online marketplace and later expanded its operations by introducing a digital bank, Uzum Bank, a consumer lending service called Uzum Nasiya and an express food delivery service known as Uzum Tezkor.

During its previous funding round, Uzum reported more than 17 million monthly active users. The platform now connects nearly 20 million users with more than 17,000 local sellers. Payment volume on the platform reached $11 billion in 2025. Annual transacting users increased from about 3 million to 4.6 million over the past year.

Fintech Driving Profitability

Fintech services represent a major source of revenue for the company. Uzum reported revenue growth from $505 million to $691 million in 2025, while net income increased from $150 million to $176 million. Its e-commerce division recorded $500 million in gross merchandise value and reached EBITDA profitability within three years of operation. The digital bank currently serves around 5 million customers and has issued 4.1 million debit cards. These cards represented nearly half of all debit cards issued in Uzbekistan in 2025. Uzum reports an unsecured loan portfolio of $400 million and a total financing volume of $1.2 billion. Management expects the bank to add about 5 million additional customers as lending and payment services expand.

The company is also expanding cross-border marketplace operations by integrating products from international suppliers. The platform now includes about 200 million SKUs from markets such as Turkey and China alongside roughly 1.5 million locally sourced products available for next-day delivery.

Investing In Infrastructure For Sustainable Growth

To support its expansive growth, Uzum has significantly invested in its logistics and physical infrastructure. The company currently operates approximately 1,500 pickup points across Uzbekistan, with plans to double that network by 2026. Additionally, its warehouse footprint is set to expand from 125,000 to roughly 500,000 square meters, facilitated by four new logistics centers.

Chief strategy and business development officer Nikolay Seleznev said direct investment in logistics remains necessary in markets where third-party fulfillment services are limited.

Positioning For A Global Stage

Uzum plans to use the new funding to expand fintech and commerce services, including additional ATMs, payment systems and point-of-sale infrastructure. The company is also considering several potential locations for a future public listing, including exchanges in the United States, Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Management has indicated that an initial public offering could take place within the next three years.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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