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UAE’s Economic Growth Projected To Stay Strong At 4% In 2025, IMF Reports

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has forecast that the UAE will continue to experience robust economic growth, estimating a steady 4% growth in 2025 despite a dip in oil production.

Non-Oil Sector Driving Growth

The IMF highlights that the UAE’s non-hydrocarbon sectors, notably tourism, construction, public spending, and financial services, are propelling this growth. These industries are expected to remain key contributors to the country’s economic momentum in the near future.

Following a recent staff visit to the UAE, the IMF issued a statement discussing the country’s economic outlook, financial developments, and policy priorities. The UAE’s non-oil sector showed impressive performance, as evidenced by a notable rise in the S&P Global UAE Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), which hit a nine-month high of 55.4 in December, up from 54.2 in November.

Oil Sector And Inflation Outlook

Despite challenges in oil production, the IMF predicts a 2% growth in the oil sector, influenced by OPEC+ production cuts and the UAE’s cautious approach to increasing its OPEC+ production quota.

Inflation in the UAE is expected to remain manageable at around 2% in 2025, even with rising costs in housing and utilities. The IMF anticipates that capital inflows will continue to be strong, fueled by the country’s pro-business reforms, which should keep demand for real estate high and support price growth across various property segments.

Fiscal And Current Account Surpluses

The IMF projects a slight easing of the UAE’s fiscal surplus, predicting it will decrease to 4% of GDP in 2025, down from an estimated 5% last year. The current account surplus, however, is forecast to remain strong at about 7.5% of GDP. With international reserves still solid, the UAE is well-positioned to cover more than eight and a half months’ worth of imports.

Revenue Outlook

Despite the ongoing volatility in global oil prices, the IMF expects a decline in hydrocarbon revenue, alongside steady growth in non-oil revenues. The country’s implementation of a corporate income tax is expected to provide a consistent revenue stream in the coming years.

In its report, the IMF commended the UAE’s reform initiatives, noting that they play a crucial role in ensuring sustainable medium-term growth while also facilitating the country’s energy transition. The IMF emphasized the importance of a well-planned and sequenced approach to ensure the success of these reforms.

Cyprus Hits Historic Tourism Peak As Overtourism Risks Mount

Record-Breaking Performance In Tourism

Cyprus’ tourism sector achieved unprecedented success in 2025 with record-breaking arrivals and revenues. According to Eurobank analyst Konstantinos Vrachimis, the island’s performance was underpinned by solid real income growth and enhanced market diversification.

Robust Growth In Arrivals And Revenues

Total tourist arrivals reached 4.5 million in 2025, rising 12.2% from 4 million in 2024, with momentum sustained through the final quarter. Tourism receipts for the January–November period climbed to €3.6 billion, marking a 15.3% year-on-year increase that exceeded inflation. The improvement was not driven by volume alone. Average expenditure per visitor increased by 4.6%, while daily spending rose by 9.2%, indicating stronger purchasing power and higher-value tourism activity.

Economic Impact And Diversification Of Source Markets

The stronger performance translated into tangible gains for the broader services economy, lifting real tourism-related income and overall sector turnover. Demand patterns are also shifting. While the United Kingdom remains Cyprus’ largest source market, its relative share has moderated as arrivals from Israel, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Austria, and Poland have expanded. This gradual diversification reduces dependency on a single market and strengthens resilience against external shocks.

Enhanced Air Connectivity And Seasonal Dynamics

Air connectivity has improved markedly in 2025, with flight volumes expanding substantially compared to 2019. This expansion is driven by increased airline capacity, enhanced route coverage, and more frequent flights, supporting demand during shoulder seasons and reducing overreliance on peak-month flows. Seasonal patterns remain prominent, with arrivals building through the spring and peaking in summer, thereby bolstering employment, fiscal receipts, and corporate earnings across hospitality, transport, and retail sectors.

Structural Risks And Future Considerations

Despite strong headline figures, structural challenges remain. The European Commission’s EU Tourism Dashboard highlights tourism intensity, seasonality, and market concentration as key risk indicators. Cyprus records a high ratio of overnight stays relative to its resident population, signalling potential overtourism pressures. Continued reliance on a limited group of origin markets also exposes the sector to geopolitical uncertainty and sudden demand swings. Seasonal peaks place additional strain on infrastructure, housing availability, labour supply, and natural resources, particularly water.

Strategic Investment And Market Resilience

Vrachimis concludes that sustained growth will depend on targeted investment, product upgrading, and continued market diversification. Strengthening year-round offerings, improving infrastructure capacity, and promoting higher-value experiences can help balance demand while preserving long-term competitiveness. These measures are essential not only to manage overtourism risks but also to ensure tourism remains a stable pillar of Cyprus’ economic development.

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