S&P Upgrades Cyprus Economy’s Outlook To Positive Amid Accelerated Debt Reduction

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

November 17, 2025

Credit rating agency S&P has elevated Cyprus’s economic outlook from stable to positive, underscoring a faster-than-anticipated improvement in external debt ratios. The upgrade reflects expectations for the island’s external position to outperform current projections over the next two years as a result of accelerated debt de-escalation.

Steady Ratings And Fiscal Discipline

Cyprus maintains its long-term and short-term credit ratings at A-/A-2. The firm noted that continued reductions in net external leverage could potentially warrant a further upgrade. Despite a persistent current account deficit, robust foreign direct investment inflows have facilitated a gradual decline in external debt. This fiscal discipline has fostered impressive performance, as strong economic activity and high employment levels have boosted tax revenues and social security contributions, thereby supporting sustainable public finance surpluses and reducing overall public debt.

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Projected Growth And Resilient Economic Policies

Looking ahead, forecasts indicate an average surplus of 3.3% of GDP between 2025 and 2028, with net debt anticipated to decline to 35% of GDP by 2028, in contrast to 56% last year and 90% in 2019. The economic momentum, bolstered by a surge in tourism and the relocation of technology companies, is expected to be driven by domestic demand, rising real incomes, and increased public and private investments. The resilience of Cyprus’s economy is further highlighted by its limited exposure to international trade tensions and its ability to withstand geopolitical instabilities in regions such as Ukraine and the Middle East.

Leadership Endorsement And Forward-Looking Strategies

Cyprus President Nikos Christodoulides hailed the outlook upgrade as a milestone that signifies the nation’s entry into a phase of enhanced economic momentum, reflecting consistent and responsible fiscal decisions. He underscored Cyprus’s emerging reputation as a reliable center for quality investment, characterized by lower borrowing costs, vibrant entrepreneurship, and well-paid job opportunities. Finance Minister Makis Keravnos echoed this sentiment, emphasizing that the upgrade reinforces international confidence in the government’s economic policies. He affirmed that continued fiscal discipline and targeted initiatives will sustain stable and sustainable growth even amidst increased geopolitical risks.

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Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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