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Saudi Arabia’s Economic Growth: A Non-Oil Driven Success

by News Editor

May 2, 2025

In the first quarter, Saudi Arabia’s economy experienced a notable upswing, propelled by strong activity in the non-oil sector. As the kingdom continues its strategic pivot away from hydrocarbons, the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2.7% year-on-year, according to flash estimates from the government’s statistical authority.

Increased Demand for Data-Driven Insights

The statistical authority responded to mounting local demand for detailed data by expanding its data collection efforts and updating the nominal and real GDP series. Fahad al Dossari, President of GASTAT, highlighted the hunger for comprehensive statistics among stakeholders.

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Non-Oil and Government Activities Drive Growth

With the weighting of the non-oil sector increased to align with international standards, non-oil activities surged by 4.2% in the first quarter, while government activities grew by 3.2%. Monica Malik, chief economist at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, noted the contribution of government activity, spurred by a supported oil price, although cautioning about a potential pullback in government spending in the subsequent quarters.

Challenges and Outlook

Despite the promising start, oil-related activities fell by 1.4%, underlining the challenges of diversifying away from oil. As part of Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia requires substantial investment to bolster the private sector and expand its non-oil economy. A Reuters poll suggests that Brent crude will average $68.99 a barrel in 2025, a decrease from earlier forecasts, placing pressure on Saudi fiscal plans, which rely on higher oil prices to balance the budget.

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Competition Authority Launches Comprehensive Review of ExxonMobil Cyprus Acquisition

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

September 16, 2025

Investigation Initiated Over Strategic Acquisition

The Competition Protection Authority has commenced a thorough investigation into the acquisition of ExxonMobil Cyprus Limited’s share capital by Petrolina Holdings Public Ltd through Med Energywise Ltd. This inquiry was formally initiated following a session held on 10 September 2025, after an in-depth review of the pertinent report by the Authority’s Service.

Concerns Over Market Compatibility

Authorities have expressed serious concerns regarding the compatibility of the transaction with established competitive practices. The review indicates that the acquisition may affect several critical petroleum markets, both horizontally and vertically, thereby raising the potential for adverse impacts on market dynamics.

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Horizontal Market Dynamics

On the horizontal front, potential effects have been identified in the import market for petroleum products, as well as in both wholesale and retail distribution channels of these products. The consolidation is believed to increase the risk of price rises and coordinated actions, given the direct competitive proximity between Petrolina and ExxonMobil.

Vertical and Adjacent Market Implications

Vertical aspects of the merger are also under close scrutiny. The new entity could restrict competitors’ access to critical infrastructure such as storage facilities, supply channels, and customer bases. These restrictions could further affect the onshore distribution of fuels, the wholesale market for lubricants, and specialized technical services connected with fuel station operations.

Local Market Considerations

Particular attention is being paid to the potential concentration in the retail fuel market. The investigation suggests that a reduced competitive landscape within a four-kilometer radius of the companies’ fuel stations could lead to diminished local competition, adversely impacting consumer prices and options.

Next Steps and Industry Impact

The Competition Protection Authority, which reached a unanimous decision to pursue a full investigation, remains open to submissions from parties that might be affected by this transaction, as mandated by current legislation. A final decision is expected within four months upon receipt of all necessary evidence, potentially setting a significant precedent for future market consolidation cases in the energy sector.