SAP Surpasses Novo Nordisk To Become Europe’s Largest Company

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

March 24, 2025

SAP, the German software company, has officially overtaken Danish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk to become Europe’s largest company by market capitalization. SAP’s market value reached $340 billion, surpassing Novo Nordisk’s $293.06 billion.

Key Factors Behind SAP’s Rise

SAP has experienced significant stock growth, particularly driven by optimism around its cloud business and its investments in generative artificial intelligence (AI). Since the start of 2025, SAP’s shares have risen 7%, and the company has seen a total return of 160% since the end of 2022, substantially outpacing the broader European STOXX 600 index, which rose by only 28%. The company’s increasing focus on cloud technologies and AI solutions for business applications has positioned it as a leader in digital transformation.

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In recent months, strong investor interest has further propelled SAP’s growth, spurred by its expanding cloud services portfolio, AI developments, and strategic partnerships with large international corporations. These factors, alongside improvements to SAP’s ERP systems, have helped the company secure its top position.

Challenges For Novo Nordisk

In contrast, Novo Nordisk, which held the title of Europe’s largest company as recently as September 2023, has seen its stock lag due to disappointing results from its experimental obesity drug, Cagrisema. This has led to a slight decline in its market value, despite its strong performance in the pharmaceutical industry.

What This Means For The Future

The rise of SAP highlights the growing dominance of the technology sector in Europe, with digital transformation and AI solutions becoming key areas of investor focus. While Novo Nordisk is likely to remain a major player in the pharmaceutical industry, SAP’s success suggests that the European technology sector could experience even more growth, particularly with the increasing importance of AI and automation in business.

Looking ahead, competition between tech giants such as SAP and ASML is expected to intensify, marking the beginning of a new era for Europe’s technology-driven economy.

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OpenAI Says Technical Error Revoked Cybersecurity Researchers’ Access

by News Editor

August 20, 2026

Several cybersecurity researchers say OpenAI unexpectedly removed their access to a limited program that provides vetted users with fewer restrictions on its AI tools. OpenAI has confirmed that the disruption was caused by a technical error.

On Wednesday, researchers reported on OpenAI’s support forum and X that they had lost access to Trusted Access for Cyber (TAC). Some users saw messages saying their identity could not be verified or that their accounts were currently ineligible.

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What Is Trusted Access For Cyber?

TAC is a program through which OpenAI gives vetted cybersecurity researchers access to advanced models with fewer safeguards than those available to regular users. Researchers must submit identification and complete OpenAI’s verification process.

The program is designed to help security professionals identify vulnerabilities, test defenses and report flaws while limiting access for malicious actors. Anthropic operates a similar initiative called the Cyber Verification Program.

OpenAI Says Access Will Be Restored

TechCrunch spoke with five researchers who said they experienced the issue. One researcher received an email saying access to Daybreak Blue, the latest TAC tier, had been revoked because of a technical problem affecting a limited number of users.

OpenAI said affected researchers would need to reapply and complete the verification process. The company also confirmed the issue in a post on X, saying a limited group of users had lost access and would need to re-verify.

All five researchers who spoke with TechCrunch were based outside the U.S. and Europe, although it remains unclear whether geography played a role or how many users were affected.

OpenAI Expands Its Cybersecurity Tiers

Daybreak Blue, introduced on August 10, provides vetted researchers with access to advanced general-purpose models for defensive security work, including vulnerability discovery, code review, malware analysis and incident response.

OpenAI also introduced Daybreak Red, a higher-access tier designed for authorized vulnerability research, exploit validation and security testing.

The access issue comes amid growing debate among cybersecurity researchers over AI safety restrictions. Some defensive and offensive security professionals argue that increasingly strict guardrails can interfere with legitimate security research.

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