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SAP Surpasses Novo Nordisk To Become Europe’s Largest Company

SAP, the German software company, has officially overtaken Danish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk to become Europe’s largest company by market capitalization. SAP’s market value reached $340 billion, surpassing Novo Nordisk’s $293.06 billion.

Key Factors Behind SAP’s Rise

SAP has experienced significant stock growth, particularly driven by optimism around its cloud business and its investments in generative artificial intelligence (AI). Since the start of 2025, SAP’s shares have risen 7%, and the company has seen a total return of 160% since the end of 2022, substantially outpacing the broader European STOXX 600 index, which rose by only 28%. The company’s increasing focus on cloud technologies and AI solutions for business applications has positioned it as a leader in digital transformation.

In recent months, strong investor interest has further propelled SAP’s growth, spurred by its expanding cloud services portfolio, AI developments, and strategic partnerships with large international corporations. These factors, alongside improvements to SAP’s ERP systems, have helped the company secure its top position.

Challenges For Novo Nordisk

In contrast, Novo Nordisk, which held the title of Europe’s largest company as recently as September 2023, has seen its stock lag due to disappointing results from its experimental obesity drug, Cagrisema. This has led to a slight decline in its market value, despite its strong performance in the pharmaceutical industry.

What This Means For The Future

The rise of SAP highlights the growing dominance of the technology sector in Europe, with digital transformation and AI solutions becoming key areas of investor focus. While Novo Nordisk is likely to remain a major player in the pharmaceutical industry, SAP’s success suggests that the European technology sector could experience even more growth, particularly with the increasing importance of AI and automation in business.

Looking ahead, competition between tech giants such as SAP and ASML is expected to intensify, marking the beginning of a new era for Europe’s technology-driven economy.

Meta’s $18 Billion Settlement Limits State Claims Over Children’s Data

Meta’s $18 billion settlement with attorneys general from 29 U.S. states includes a provision limiting future state claims over the company’s use of children’s data for age-assurance systems.

Under the agreement, Meta must develop, train and begin testing a system to identify users under 13 within a year of the settlement taking effect. The company already uses AI-based age-detection tools, although the agreement does not require the new system to use AI.

States Agree To Limits On Future Claims

The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) generally restricts the collection and retention of personal data from children under 13. Under the settlement, the 29 state attorneys general agreed not to bring past, present or future claims under COPPA or similar state laws over the specified use of children’s data.

Meta will not be permitted to use information from users under 13 for advertising, marketing or algorithmic optimisation.

Federal Enforcement Remains Unclear

COPPA is primarily enforced by the Federal Trade Commission, which is not a party to the agreement. That leaves open the possibility of separate federal action over how Meta collects or uses children’s data.

Another issue is whether Meta can keep age-assurance data isolated from its other systems. An independent auditor will monitor compliance, but the settlement does not fully specify what data Meta can retain for training, how long it can be stored or whether derived insights can be used elsewhere.

Legal Risks Remain

Joshua Wurtzel, a partner at Schlam Stone & Dolan, said states could still pursue claims if Meta uses the data outside the settlement’s limits. Such cases could depend on how those limits are interpreted.

Peter Jackson, a data and intellectual property attorney at Greenberg Glusker, said the provision could “disincentivize future enforcement actions.”

The agreement gives Meta greater legal certainty around using children’s data for age assurance, but questions remain over federal enforcement, data retention and secondary use.

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