Poland, Turkey, And India Lead Global Gold Purchases In 2024

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

February 10, 2025

Poland’s central bank has continued its strategy of increasing its gold reserves, which reached 450 tonnes in 2024, placing it 13th globally in terms of stock size. Gold now makes up 17% of Poland’s foreign exchange reserves, which total over $220 billion, according to data from the World Gold Council.

The Polish central bank has been the largest net buyer of gold in 2024, acquiring 90 tonnes, followed by Turkey (75 tonnes) and India (73 tonnes). This move aligns with a broader trend of countries strengthening their financial positions through gold, which is seen as a safeguard against economic instability.

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Poland plans to increase the proportion of gold in its reserves to 20%, which could elevate the country to 11th place in the global rankings, approaching the European Central Bank’s gold reserves of around 506 tonnes.

Globally, central banks hold over 30,000 tonnes of gold, with the largest reserves held by the United States (8,100 tonnes), followed by Germany, Italy, France, Russia, and China. As Poland continues to build its gold stockpile, it is positioning itself as a key player in the global financial landscape, with the value of gold providing a solid financial foundation in times of economic uncertainty.

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EU Farm Output Prices Decline For The First Time In Nine Months

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

March 12, 2026

EU Market Adjustments Signal New Price Trends

Agricultural output prices across the European Union declined in the fourth quarter of 2025, marking a shift after several quarters of increases. Data from Eurostat shows that farm gate prices fell by 1.9% compared with the same period in 2024.

Crisis of Declining Prices In Select Markets

Cyprus recorded one of the more notable decreases in agricultural input costs among EU member states, with prices falling by 2.6% compared with Q4 2024. The reduction eased cost pressures for the local agricultural sector following periods of higher prices earlier in 2025. Across the EU, prices for goods and services consumed in agriculture remained relatively stable. Non-investment inputs such as energy, fertilisers and feedingstuffs showed limited overall changes during the quarter.

Country-Specific Divergence In Price Movements

Eurostat data highlights considerable variation across member states. Fifteen EU countries recorded declines in agricultural output prices. Belgium registered the largest decrease at 12.9%, followed by Lithuania (8.2%) and Germany (6.0%). At the same time, twelve countries reported increases in output prices. Ireland recorded the strongest rise at 6.8%, followed by Slovenia (5.6%) and Malta (4.2%).

Stability In Agricultural Inputs Amid Commodity Shifts

Agricultural input prices also showed mixed developments. Eleven member states recorded declines, including Cyprus (2.6%), Belgium (2.1%) and Sweden (2.0%). Other countries experienced moderate increases, including Lithuania (4.2%), Ireland (3.3%) and Romania (2.5%). Among major agricultural commodities, milk prices declined by 4.1% while cereal prices fell by 8.9% across the EU. In contrast, fertilisers and soil improvers increased by 7.9%, reflecting continued volatility in input markets.

Outlook For EU Agriculture

The latest Eurostat data points to uneven price developments across the EU agricultural sector. While input prices remained broadly stable in many markets, movements in output prices varied significantly between member states. These trends highlight the need for farmers and policymakers to adapt to shifting commodity prices and changing cost structures across the European agricultural market.

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