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Oil Prices Surge Amid Syrian Turmoil

Oil prices kicked off the week on an upward trajectory after rebels ousted the 43-year rule of President Bashar al-Assad and his father, Hafez al-Assad. The prospect of civil war has fueled concerns over heightened tensions in the Middle East, raising the risk of supply chain disruptions.

Key Figures

  • Brent crude rose 0.52% to $71.49 per barrel.
  • US light crude climbed 0.58% to $67.59 per barrel.

These movements followed the seizure of Damascus by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, a radical rebel group, on Sunday. This marked the end of 50 years of Assad family rule, raising fears of a possible escalation into civil war.

The oil market’s upward trend comes after two consecutive weeks of losses for both Brent and US light crude, driven by growing expectations of oversupply in 2025.

Market Constraints

Despite the rise in prices, broader market sentiment remains weighed down by weak demand in China, the world’s second-largest economy. This prompted Saudi Aramco, the world’s top crude exporter, to slash its January 2025 prices for the Asian market to the lowest level since early 2021.

OPEC+ Strategy Shift

In a move that surprised markets, OPEC+ postponed its planned production increase for January by an entire year, rather than the previously expected three months. OPEC+ controls about 50% of global oil production, and the group had initially planned to ramp up production from October 2024. However, slowing demand, especially from China, along with rising output from other producers, forced multiple delays to the increase.

With the global energy market still under pressure from weak demand, the cartel’s decision signals a shift toward a more cautious production strategy to maintain price stability.

Cyprus Government Surplus Rises To €1.61 Billion In First Nine Months Of 2026

Cyprus recorded a general government surplus of €1.61 billion in the first nine months of 2026, equal to 4.0% of gross domestic product, as revenue growth outpaced the rise in public spending. Higher receipts from income taxes, social contributions and value-added tax (VAT) drove the improvement, while lower capital expenditure helped restrain spending.

Preliminary figures released Tuesday by the Statistical Service of Cyprus show the surplus rose to €1.17 billion, or 3.0% of GDP, up from € 442.1 million in the same period of 2025.

Total government revenue increased 6.5% to €12.09 billion, while expenditure rose 2.9% to €10.48 billion.

Key Fiscal MeasureJanuary–September 2025January–September 2026
Total revenue€11,353.9 million€12,091.8 million
Total expenditure€10,186.2 million€10,482.1 million
Government surplus€1,167.6 million€1,609.7 million
Surplus as a share of GDP3.0%4.0%

Income Taxes And VAT Lead Revenue Growth

Taxes on income and wealth made the largest contribution to the increase in revenue. Receipts in this category climbed by €442.2 million, or 15.3%, to €3.34 billion, compared with €2.89 billion a year earlier.

Social contributions rose by €235 million, or 6.6%, to €3.78 billion. Taxes on production and imports increased by €251.5 million, or 7.2%, reaching €3.77 billion.

Net VAT receipts, after refunds, totalled €2.64 billion, up €293.1 million, or 12.5%, from €2.35 billion in the first nine months of 2025.

Some Revenue Streams Decline

Not all revenue categories moved higher. Capital transfers fell by €74.6 million to €96.7 million, while current transfers declined by €71.6 million, or 20.5%, to €278.2 million.

Revenue from services slipped 1.0% to €743.5 million. Interest and dividend receipts dropped by €37 million, or 28.6%, to €92.4 million.

Social Benefits And Personnel Costs Increase

On the expenditure side, social benefits rose by €199.6 million, or 4.9%, to €4.27 billion. Compensation of employees—which includes imputed social contributions and public-sector pensions—increased by €108.3 million, or 3.8%, to €2.99 billion.

Intermediate consumption, covering goods and services used in the delivery of public services, rose by €114.3 million, or 11.0%, to €1.16 billion. Interest payments increased by €8.7 million, or 2.6%, to €340.7 million. Current transfers were up €68.7 million, or 10.6%, at €714.7 million.

Lower Capital Spending Limits Expenditure Growth

The overall increase in spending was tempered by a decline in capital expenditure. Capital-account spending fell by €189.9 million, or 16.9%, to €936.2 million from €1.13 billion in the same period last year.

Investment in fixed capital declined by €94.1 million, or 12.1%, to €686.4 million. Other capital transfers fell by €95.8 million, or 27.7%, to €249.8 million. Subsidies also decreased, dropping by €13.9 million, or 15.5%, to €75.8 million.

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