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Microsoft Faces US Antitrust Investigation Amid Concerns Over Cloud And AI Practices

Microsoft is under scrutiny as the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) launches a comprehensive antitrust investigation into the tech giant’s business practices. The probe will assess operations across multiple sectors, including cloud computing, software licensing, cybersecurity services, and artificial intelligence.

Key Developments

  • The FTC has reportedly requested extensive information from Microsoft as part of its investigation, following a year-long preliminary inquiry involving interviews with competitors and business partners.
  • The investigation, backed by FTC Chair Lina Khan, could face uncertainty if she steps down in January, as anticipated under a new administration. A Republican successor is expected to adopt a more lenient stance toward tech firms.
  • Microsoft has not issued a statement in response to the ongoing inquiry.

This is not Microsoft’s first encounter with antitrust scrutiny. Competitors have accused the company of restrictive practices, including allegedly locking customers into its Azure cloud services and using licensing policies that critics argue disadvantage rival platforms.

In a related development, Google recently filed a complaint with the European Commission, alleging that Microsoft imposed a 400% premium on customers seeking to use Windows Server with competing cloud providers. Google also claimed Microsoft restricted access to critical security updates for those customers.

Ongoing Tech Sector Probes

Microsoft’s investigation comes amid broader antitrust actions targeting major US tech companies.

  • Meta (Facebook’s parent), Apple, and Amazon have faced accusations of monopolistic practices.
  • Google is defending itself in two high-profile lawsuits, including one concerning competition violations in online search.

In the coming days, FTC lawyers are expected to meet with Microsoft’s competitors to gather further evidence on its business practices. This investigation could have significant implications for the company and the broader tech industry, as authorities worldwide continue to challenge the dominance of tech giants.

Microsoft’s future may hinge on how it addresses these mounting regulatory pressures, particularly as the focus sharpens on its role in cloud computing and AI innovation.

Cloudflare Sets New Default To Separate Search Crawlers From AI Bots

Cloudflare has drawn a sharper line between traditional search and artificial intelligence.

Beginning September 15, 2026, the company will change its default settings to block so-called mixed-use crawlers from pages that run ads, unless a site owner chooses otherwise. The policy applies to new Cloudflare customers, new sites created by existing customers, and all current free customers.

A Clearer Divide In Web Access

The shift could materially reshape how AI companies collect web data for model training and agentic products. Cloudflare’s central argument is straightforward: most publishers want their content to remain visible in search and accessible through certain AI services, but they do not want that same material repurposed without compensation.

In Cloudflare’s view, the problem is not crawling itself. It is the blending of three different functions: search, agentic use, and training into a single bot that makes it difficult for website owners to set meaningful boundaries.

The Google Question

Cloudflare pointedly referenced the “world’s largest search engine,” an unmistakable nod to Google, arguing that it has access to roughly twice as much information as rival AI companies because it makes it harder for customers to stay discoverable without also being used for AI.

Google has disputed that framing. The company offers Google Extended, a crawler setting that lets publishers opt out of having content used for training and AI products such as Gemini apps and Vertex AI, without affecting visibility in Google Search. At the same time, Googlebot still crawls for Search and for AI-powered features such as AI Overviews and AI Mode.

Publishers Want Reach, Not Exploitation

Matthew Prince, Cloudflare’s co-founder and chief executive, said the company is moving quickly because the internet is now dominated by machine traffic.

“Now that the majority of traffic on the Internet is non-human, we must go further and act faster so that a sustainable ecosystem can emerge,” Prince said, referring to the recent milestone in which bots surpassed human traffic online sooner than expected.

Prince added that Cloudflare’s tools and partnerships are designed to give publishers more visibility and commercial leverage, while also rewarding AI companies that are transparent about how they use content.

From Pay Per Crawl To Pay Per Use

Cloudflare has increasingly positioned itself as a gatekeeper for publishers looking to assert control in the AI era. The company already offers tools to block AI bots, along with a marketplace called Pay Per Crawl, which lets websites charge AI systems for scraping.

That framework is now expanding into Pay Per Use, which Cloudflare says will allow publishers to charge AI companies when content creates value, not merely when it is fetched. In practical terms, that shifts the economics from extraction to monetization.

Cloudflare says the move may also reduce waste. Its data suggests more than half of crawl traffic from AI bots is spent revisiting pages that have not changed, consuming bandwidth and compute without adding fresh value for either side.

Early Partners Signal The Commercial Model

To launch the new system, Cloudflare is working with Ceramic.ai and You.com. Under the opt-in model, publishers can be paid when their content appears in Ceramic’s AI search results or when You.com accesses premium material.

Cloudflare says other AI companies can adapt the model to fit their own products. The broader message is clear: the era of unrestricted crawling is giving way to one in which access, attribution, and compensation are increasingly negotiated rather than assumed.

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