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Maritime Transport Drives EU International Trade in 2024

Overview

In 2024, the European Union’s international trade landscape was significantly shaped by the dominance of maritime transport. Eurostat data reveals that the sector played a pivotal role, handling the bulk of the physical trade volume while other modes of transport maintained a secondary, albeit economically significant, position.

Trade Volume Versus Value

According to the findings, seaborne imports reached 1.1 billion tonnes valued at €1.25 trillion, while exports amounted to 0.5 billion tonnes, worth €1.13 trillion. Maritime operations accounted for an overwhelming 75.6% of imports and 73.7% of exports by weight. However, when evaluated in monetary terms, the share was notably lower at 51.3% for imports and 43.6% for exports. This contrast underscores the divergence between the physical volume of goods moved and their corresponding economic value.

Other Modes of Transport

Other transport modes played complementary roles in the overall trade ecosystem. Rail transport contributed modestly, accounting for 3.1% of import volume and 2.9% of exports by volume—a mere 1.5% and 1.3% of trade value, respectively. Air transport, though responsible for only 0.2% of imports and 2.8% of exports by weight, represented a disproportionately high value share at 18.3% and 27.1%. Road transport also demonstrated similar dynamics with 20.4% of import value and 24% of export value, despite handling 5.8% and 16.5% of the physical volumes, respectively.

Member-State Focus

Among EU member states, Cyprus and Malta emerged as the most reliant on maritime trade. For instance, Cyprus moved 98.6% of its imports and 97.2% of its exports by sea in 2024, with minimal reliance on alternative modes. Malta exhibited a similar pattern, with 99.1% of its imports and 98.5% of its exports transported by sea.

Other nations displayed a more diversified transportation matrix. Greece, a renowned shipping hub, moved 92.4% of its imports and 87.9% of its exports by sea. In contrast, the Netherlands, the continent’s largest port economy, recorded lower shares of 77.6% for imports and 66.8% for exports by sea. Germany and Poland further illustrate this diversification; Germany relied more heavily on road, rail, and pipelines with maritime shares of 59.7% for imports and 49.2% for exports, while Poland accounted for merely 45.8% of imports and 31.4% of exports via sea.

Conclusion

The data from 2024 underscores the strategic significance of maritime transport within the EU’s trade framework. As global trade dynamics evolve and the demand for efficiency grows, the EU’s maritime infrastructure appears poised to maintain its critical role, even as complementary transport modes continue to enhance value delivery across the bloc.

Cyberattacks On Governments, Infrastructure And Businesses Shape 2026

Cybersecurity has become an increasingly prominent issue in 2026 as cyber incidents continue to affect governments, businesses and critical infrastructure worldwide. Recent attacks have targeted sectors ranging from healthcare and education to energy and public administration, highlighting the growing impact of cyber threats on economic activity and national security.

Questions Remain Over DOGE’s Access To Social Security Data

More than a year after individuals linked to the Elon Musk-led Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) gained access to systems at the Social Security Administration, questions remain about how sensitive data was handled. Court proceedings are ongoing following allegations that a copy of the Social Security database was transferred to an external server, potentially exposing personal information belonging to millions of Americans.

According to legal filings, the Social Security Administration has acknowledged uncertainty regarding the contents of the server. Lawmakers have warned that, if confirmed, the incident could rank among the largest data breaches involving government records in U.S. history.

Hackers Increasingly Target Water Systems And Energy Grids

Cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure have continued across Europe, including incidents affecting energy networks and water systems. Authorities in Poland, Sweden and Norway have reported attacks linked to groups believed to be acting in support of Russian interests. At the same time, tensions in the Middle East have heightened concerns about cyber threats to critical infrastructure, particularly privately operated utilities with limited cybersecurity resources.

Iranian Government Hackers Target Stryker

In March, Iranian hackers reportedly carried out a cyberattack against medical technology company Stryker, wiping thousands of employee devices. The incident, attributed to a group linked to Iranian intelligence, disrupted operations and affected the company’s first-quarter financial performance.

Instructure Among Shinyhunters’ Disruptive Hacking Campaigns

The hacking group ShinyHunters has continued to rely on voice phishing techniques to gain access to corporate networks. One of the most prominent incidents involved education technology company Instructure, whose Canvas learning management platform was breached.

The attack exposed personal information belonging to more than 30 million users and disrupted academic schedules during examination periods. Other reported victims include Charter, Carnival and organisations operating in the finance and public sectors.

Supply Chain Attacks Continue To Target Technology Companies

Software supply chains have remained a major target for cybercriminals. Security researchers have linked a series of attacks to compromises involving tools and platforms used by software developers, including Aqua Security’s Trivy, Bitwarden and Checkmarx. Such incidents can have wider consequences across the technology industry because compromised software updates may provide attackers with access to credentials and internal systems.

FBI Reports Major Cyber Incident

The Federal Bureau of Investigation was compelled to declare a “major cyber incident” in April after one of its surveillance systems was breached by actors believed to be linked to Chinese intelligence. This breach, which reportedly exposed the phone numbers of individuals under surveillance, has raised serious concerns about national security and the integrity of federal surveillance operations.

Hasbro Faces Operational Disruptions Following Cyberattack

Toy manufacturer Hasbro experienced weeks of operational disruption after detecting a cyberattack in late March. The company reported website outages and other operational challenges before confirming in May that the attackers had been removed from affected systems. Regulatory filing delays and other business impacts are expected to continue in the near term.

Millions Of Identity Documents Exposed

Several data exposure incidents reported during the year affected systems used for identity verification and customer onboarding. Cases involving a hotel check-in platform, a money transfer service, a prison communications provider and a UK visa portal exposed passports, driver’s licences and other identification documents belonging to more than two million people. The incidents have raised concerns about the security of personal information collected as part of identity verification requirements.

Growing Focus On Cybersecurity

The incidents reported throughout 2026 demonstrate the increasing impact of cyber threats across both public and private sectors. As organisations continue investing in digital infrastructure and artificial intelligence, cybersecurity remains a central concern for governments, businesses and critical service providers.

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