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Japan’s Economy Beats Expectations—But Is The Growth Real?

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

February 17, 2025

Japan’s economy outpaced forecasts in the fourth quarter, driven by a surge in exports. However, economists caution that the numbers may not be as strong as they seem, with domestic demand still showing signs of weakness.

Key Takeaways

Japan’s GDP grew 0.7% in Q4, exceeding the 0.3% increase economists predicted.
Exports provided the main boost, while domestic demand remained sluggish.
Capital spending rose by 0.5% quarter-on-quarter, falling short of the 1% growth expected.
Annual GDP growth hit 2.8%, well above the 1% forecast but driven largely by statistical revisions.
The Bank of Japan (BOJ) raised interest rates to 0.5%, the highest level since 2008, setting the stage for further policy tightening.

A Closer Look: Real Growth Or Statistical Illusion?

Stefan Angrik, deputy director and senior economist at Moody’s Analytics, warned against reading too much into the numbers. Speaking with CNBC, he noted that the economy only appears to be expanding due to historical data revisions. Without them, Japan’s GDP would have shrunk in Q4.

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“Exports have been the key driver, while imports declined—highlighting the same weak domestic demand we’ve seen over the past two to three years. Maybe hold off on the champagne for now,” Angrik cautioned.

Looking Ahead: Caution Over Consumer Spending

Economists remain wary about Japan’s economic momentum in early 2025:

Citi’s Katsuhiko Aiba predicts that consumption will remain weak into Q1 2025, with a full recovery likely only after Q2.
Real wage growth is expected to stay negative, even as the government reinstates energy subsidies.
Consumer spending saw a 2.7% jump in December, the first increase since July 2024, but prior months showed contractions of 0.4% (November) and 1.3% (October).

Despite the Q4 surprise, full-year GDP growth for 2024 came in at just 0.1%, a steep drop from 1.5% in 2023. Following the data release, Japan’s Nikkei 225 dipped 0.29%, while the yen strengthened by 0.2% to 152.02 per dollar.

With mixed signals from the economy, policymakers and investors will be watching closely to see whether Japan’s growth is truly sustainable—or just a statistical mirage.

The AI Agent Revolution: Can the Industry Handle the Compute Surge?

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

March 28, 2025

As AI agents evolve from simple chatbots into complex, autonomous assistants, the tech industry faces a new challenge: Is there enough computing power to support them? With AI agents poised to become integral in various industries, computational demands are rising rapidly.

A recent Barclays report forecasts that the AI industry can support between 1.5 billion and 22 billion AI agents, potentially revolutionizing white-collar work. However, the increase in AI’s capabilities comes at a cost. AI agents, unlike chatbots, generate significantly more tokens—up to 25 times more per query—requiring far greater computing power.

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Tokens, the fundamental units of generative AI, represent fragmented parts of language to simplify processing. This increase in token generation is linked to reasoning models, like OpenAI’s o1 and DeepSeek’s R1, which break tasks into smaller, manageable chunks. As AI agents process more complex tasks, the tokens multiply, driving up the demand for AI chips and computational capacity.

Barclays analysts caution that while the current infrastructure can handle a significant volume of agents, the rise of these “super agents” might outpace available resources, requiring additional chips and servers to meet demand. OpenAI’s ChatGPT Pro, for example, generates around 9.4 million tokens annually per subscriber, highlighting just how computationally expensive these reasoning models can be.

In essence, the tech industry is at a critical juncture. While AI agents show immense potential, their expansion could strain the limits of current computing infrastructure. The question is, can the industry keep up with the demand?