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Greece Outperforms Fiscal Expectations With €1.96 Billion State Budget Surplus

Surplus Surpasses Projections

Greece has reported a state budget surplus of €1.96 billion for the January–August 2025 period, a significant departure from the projected €1.38 billion deficit. This robust performance also improves upon the €1.04 billion surplus recorded during the corresponding period in 2024.

Robust Primary Balance Performance

The nation’s primary balance, calculated on a modified cash basis, reached a surplus of €8.50 billion—well above the target of €4.93 billion and surpassing the previous period’s €7.57 billion. Factoring in the timing adjustments for transfer payments of €1.90 billion and defense programme payments of €540 million, which do not impact the general government outcome on a fiscal basis, the primary balance exceeded expectations by an estimated €793 million.

Stronger Than Anticipated Revenues

Total net revenues for January–August 2025 climbed to €48.46 billion, marginally above budget expectations by €184 million (0.4%). Notably, tax revenues reached €46.52 billion, a 4.6% surplus in collection largely driven by higher-than-expected income taxes, VAT, and excise duties. VAT receipts totaled €18.19 billion, excise duties €4.86 billion, while property and income taxes contributed €1.98 billion and €17.31 billion respectively, with personal income taxes exceeding targets by €828 million.

Expenditure And Investment Insights

State budget expenditure for the period amounted to €46.49 billion, marking a reduction of €3.16 billion from budget targets, though €2.41 billion higher than the same period last year. Key allocations included €897 million for hospitals and healthcare, €400 million for universal electricity service costs, and substantial investments in transport services and higher education.

Public investment payments reached €7.04 billion, showing an increase of €491 million over the previous year despite being slightly below target figures.

Conclusion

The Greek government’s fiscal performance during this period underscores a disciplined approach to budget management, with revenue collections and primary balance performance exceeding expectations. This achievement not only highlights sound fiscal policies but also reinforces market confidence as Greece navigates its economic strategy amidst evolving fiscal challenges and opportunities.

EU Farm Output Prices Decline For The First Time In Nine Months

EU Market Adjustments Signal New Price Trends

Agricultural output prices across the European Union declined in the fourth quarter of 2025, marking a shift after several quarters of increases. Data from Eurostat shows that farm gate prices fell by 1.9% compared with the same period in 2024.

Crisis of Declining Prices In Select Markets

Cyprus recorded one of the more notable decreases in agricultural input costs among EU member states, with prices falling by 2.6% compared with Q4 2024. The reduction eased cost pressures for the local agricultural sector following periods of higher prices earlier in 2025. Across the EU, prices for goods and services consumed in agriculture remained relatively stable. Non-investment inputs such as energy, fertilisers and feedingstuffs showed limited overall changes during the quarter.

Country-Specific Divergence In Price Movements

Eurostat data highlights considerable variation across member states. Fifteen EU countries recorded declines in agricultural output prices. Belgium registered the largest decrease at 12.9%, followed by Lithuania (8.2%) and Germany (6.0%). At the same time, twelve countries reported increases in output prices. Ireland recorded the strongest rise at 6.8%, followed by Slovenia (5.6%) and Malta (4.2%).

Stability In Agricultural Inputs Amid Commodity Shifts

Agricultural input prices also showed mixed developments. Eleven member states recorded declines, including Cyprus (2.6%), Belgium (2.1%) and Sweden (2.0%). Other countries experienced moderate increases, including Lithuania (4.2%), Ireland (3.3%) and Romania (2.5%). Among major agricultural commodities, milk prices declined by 4.1% while cereal prices fell by 8.9% across the EU. In contrast, fertilisers and soil improvers increased by 7.9%, reflecting continued volatility in input markets.

Outlook For EU Agriculture

The latest Eurostat data points to uneven price developments across the EU agricultural sector. While input prices remained broadly stable in many markets, movements in output prices varied significantly between member states. These trends highlight the need for farmers and policymakers to adapt to shifting commodity prices and changing cost structures across the European agricultural market.

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