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Greece: Investments Reach 15% Of GDP

Investments in Greece grew by 2.2% annually from January to September 2024, as reported by Alpha Bank’s economic bulletin. This increase is moderate compared to the 2025 budget estimate of 6.7% growth for the entire year.

Despite the moderate increase in 2024, investments have consistently contributed positively to Greece’s GDP in recent years, now accounting for approximately 15% of GDP (since the end of 2023). This is notably lower than the average 22% of GDP in the eurozone.

The bank’s economists estimate that the government’s forecasted 8.4% increase in investments in 2025 could push the share of investments to 17.5% of GDP, narrowing the “investment gap” compared to the eurozone forecast of 20.8%.

Key Numbers:

  • Annual investment growth (January-September 2024): 2.2%.
  • Investments as a percentage of GDP: 15% in Greece, compared to 22% in the eurozone.
  • Projected public investments (2025-2028): €64.2 billion.
  • Foreign direct investment: Exceeds €5 billion annually on average in the last five years.

Key Sectors:

  • Industry: Investments in the industry have been growing continuously since 2018, reaching €5.4 billion in 2023.
  • Public Administration & Defense: Exceeded €5.3 billion in 2023.
  • Real Estate: Investments reached €5 billion in 2023.

More than half of total investments are concentrated in these three sectors, while sectors such as Transport & Storage, Education, and Professional Services have seen a decline.

Significant changes have occurred in the composition of investments since the pre-crisis period, when housing represented over 40% of total investments and approximately 10% of GDP. In 2024, it is estimated that housing will represent 14.3% of total investments and 2.3% of GDP.

Public investments are expected to play a crucial role in the medium term, with €64.2 billion projected for the 2025-2028 period. This includes investments from the EU and the Recovery Fund, with €9.8 billion expected from the Recovery Fund in 2025 and €11.6 billion in 2026. Recovery Fund grants are expected to end by mid-2026, although loan disbursements will continue until 2027-2028.

Foreign direct investment has shown promising growth in recent years, with an average of over €5 billion per year (excluding 2020). A recent survey revealed that 50% of respondents plan to expand or develop activities in Greece in the coming year, compared to 30% in 2019.

Greece was ranked 19th among the most attractive EU countries for foreign investment in 2024. This ranking highlights the intensifying competition and underscores the need for further improvements to the country’s investment environment.

Anthropic’s Opus 5.5 Arrives With Lower Costs, Faster Performance And Sharper Safety Guardrails

Anthropic on Tuesday unveiled Opus 5.5, its latest flagship model and, by the company’s account, a new state of the art in coding and knowledge work.

Opus remains the top tier in Anthropic’s three-model Claude family, positioned above Sonnet and Haiku, which serve the middle and entry-level segments respectively. The company says the new release not only outperforms the larger Fable model on several benchmarks, but also completed a number of informal tasks that Fable could not finish.

A More Efficient Frontier Model

One of the most notable changes is economic, not just technical. Anthropic says output tokens for Opus 5.5 will be priced at $20 per million, down from $25 for the previous version. Other usage metrics have also declined, and the model is faster to run, reflecting lower compute requirements to serve it.

That matters because model economics are increasingly central to enterprise adoption. In practice, a more capable model is only part of the equation; speed and cost often determine whether it can be deployed at scale across software development, research, customer operations, and internal knowledge workflows.

Sharper Communication, Less Jargon

Anthropic says the update also changes how Opus communicates. The new model is less likely to lean on jargon and more likely to lead with the most important information first. For business users, that is more than a stylistic adjustment. It improves readability, reduces friction in decision-making, and makes AI output easier to use in executive settings where time is scarce and clarity matters.

A Rapid Follow-Up To Opus 5

The launch comes just two months after the debut of Opus 5 on July 24. Anthropic said Sonnet 5.5 and Haiku 5.5, the next models in the lineup, will follow “in the coming weeks,” with similar performance gains expected.

Safety Remains Central To The Release

Anthropic says Opus 5.5 is comparable to Mythos in biology and cybersecurity capabilities, which means the model is subject to the same safeguards as the company’s Fable model. Those restrictions limit the model’s use in areas such as discovering exploits in compiled programs or developing recognizable biological weapons, among other sensitive tasks.

The release is also notable because it is Anthropic’s first since CEO Dario Amodei publicly embraced calls to pace the frontier, a strategy designed to slow the rate of capability gains so alignment and safety measures can catch up. In a recent post, Amodei wrote: “I have become convinced that fully addressing the risks requires even more prudence, not just investing in risk prevention, but pacing the rate of capabilities advancement so that risk prevention has time to keep up.”

Preparing The Next Layer Of Oversight

Anthropic said Opus 5.5 underwent safety training broadly similar to earlier models, including alignment testing and pre-release evaluation by external groups such as METR and Frontier Design. At the same time, the company said it is already building more advanced training and evaluation systems for future releases, including stronger security and monitoring infrastructure.

“As AI becomes more capable, public policy should play a larger role in making sure the systems people rely on are safe,” the company wrote in its announcement. “That capacity takes time to build, and we’ve started to put the infrastructure in place to support it. We expect to share more details on these efforts soon.”

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