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Fitch Ratings Affirms Saudi Arabia’s Credit Rating At A+ With Stable Outlook

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

February 3, 2025

Fitch Ratings has affirmed Saudi Arabia’s credit rating at A+ with a stable outlook, attributing this to the Kingdom’s strong fiscal and external balance sheets.

Saudi Arabia’s Credit Rating

Fitch highlighted Saudi Arabia’s robust government debt/GDP ratio and sovereign net foreign assets (SNFA), which are significantly stronger than the ‘A’ and ‘AA’ medians. The agency also emphasized Saudi Arabia’s fiscal buffers, including deposits and other public-sector assets.

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While acknowledging improvements in oil dependence, governance indicators, and vulnerability to geopolitical risks, Fitch noted these remain relative weaknesses. The agency also praised the wide-reaching social and economic reforms under Vision 2030, which are helping diversify the Kingdom’s economy.

Fitch forecasts that Saudi Arabia’s SNFA will reach 63.7% of GDP in 2024-2025, well above the ‘A’ median of 8.7%. The agency noted that fiscal reforms aimed at reducing oil price volatility’s impact could further enhance the Kingdom’s rating. Fitch also expects strong growth in non-oil exports, particularly in the travel sector, which will contribute to reducing the services balance deficit.

Saudi Economy

Saudi Arabia’s economy grew by 1.3% in 2024, largely driven by a 4.3% rise in non-oil activities and a 2.6% increase in government activities, according to the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT). However, the oil sector contracted by 4.5%.

In Q4 2024, real GDP growth surged to 4.4% year-on-year, the highest quarterly growth in two years. Non-oil activities led this growth, with a 4.6% rise, while the oil sector grew by 3.4%. Government activities increased by 2.2%.

The non-oil private sector showed strong growth in December, supported by domestic demand and a surge in exports, despite a slight moderation in overall growth. The Riyad Bank Saudi Arabia Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) dropped to 58.4 in December from a 17-month high of 59 in November, signaling continued expansion.

Outlook and Inflation

Saudi Arabia has revised its GDP growth forecast for 2025 to 4.6%, down from 5.7%, with the 2026 forecast lowered to 3.5%. Inflation in 2024 remained between 1.5% and 2%, largely driven by rising housing rents, and is expected to stabilize at around 2% in the medium term, according to the IMF.

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EU Farm Output Prices Decline For The First Time In Nine Months

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

March 12, 2026

EU Market Adjustments Signal New Price Trends

Agricultural output prices across the European Union declined in the fourth quarter of 2025, marking a shift after several quarters of increases. Data from Eurostat shows that farm gate prices fell by 1.9% compared with the same period in 2024.

Crisis of Declining Prices In Select Markets

Cyprus recorded one of the more notable decreases in agricultural input costs among EU member states, with prices falling by 2.6% compared with Q4 2024. The reduction eased cost pressures for the local agricultural sector following periods of higher prices earlier in 2025. Across the EU, prices for goods and services consumed in agriculture remained relatively stable. Non-investment inputs such as energy, fertilisers and feedingstuffs showed limited overall changes during the quarter.

Country-Specific Divergence In Price Movements

Eurostat data highlights considerable variation across member states. Fifteen EU countries recorded declines in agricultural output prices. Belgium registered the largest decrease at 12.9%, followed by Lithuania (8.2%) and Germany (6.0%). At the same time, twelve countries reported increases in output prices. Ireland recorded the strongest rise at 6.8%, followed by Slovenia (5.6%) and Malta (4.2%).

Stability In Agricultural Inputs Amid Commodity Shifts

Agricultural input prices also showed mixed developments. Eleven member states recorded declines, including Cyprus (2.6%), Belgium (2.1%) and Sweden (2.0%). Other countries experienced moderate increases, including Lithuania (4.2%), Ireland (3.3%) and Romania (2.5%). Among major agricultural commodities, milk prices declined by 4.1% while cereal prices fell by 8.9% across the EU. In contrast, fertilisers and soil improvers increased by 7.9%, reflecting continued volatility in input markets.

Outlook For EU Agriculture

The latest Eurostat data points to uneven price developments across the EU agricultural sector. While input prices remained broadly stable in many markets, movements in output prices varied significantly between member states. These trends highlight the need for farmers and policymakers to adapt to shifting commodity prices and changing cost structures across the European agricultural market.