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Fitch Downgrades Israel’s Credit Rating Amid Ongoing Conflict

Fitch Ratings has downgraded Israel’s long-term foreign-currency issuer default rating by one notch, reflecting the escalating economic risks associated with the ongoing conflict. This downgrade, which takes Israel’s rating from ‘A+’ to ‘A’, highlights the growing concerns over the war’s impact on the country’s economic stability and fiscal health.

The ongoing conflict has led to substantial disruptions in economic activity across various sectors in Israel. Tourism, a significant contributor to the economy, has been severely affected, with international travel to the region plummeting. The industrial sector is also facing challenges, with many businesses operating under reduced capacity or shutting down operations altogether due to security concerns and supply chain disruptions.

Moreover, the conflict has necessitated increased government spending on defense and security, putting additional pressure on the country’s budget. Fitch noted that this surge in military expenditure, coupled with the potential for prolonged instability, could lead to a significant widening of Israel’s fiscal deficit. The increased borrowing required to fund these expenditures might result in higher public debt levels, which could further strain the country’s financial position.

Fitch’s downgrade also reflects concerns about the broader geopolitical risks that the conflict poses. The ongoing tensions could lead to a deterioration in Israel’s international relations, particularly with key trading partners and allies, which could have long-term implications for its economy. Additionally, the conflict’s potential to escalate further adds to the uncertainty surrounding Israel’s economic outlook.

Despite the downgrade, Fitch acknowledged Israel’s strong economic fundamentals, including its diversified economy and robust financial system. The agency noted that these strengths might help mitigate some of the adverse effects of the conflict. However, it also emphasized that the longer the conflict continues, the more profound and lasting the economic damage could be.

The downgrade by Fitch serves as a stark reminder of the economic costs of prolonged conflict and the challenges that lie ahead for Israel. As the situation evolves, the Israeli government may need to implement more stringent fiscal measures to manage the growing financial pressures and restore investor confidence. The downgrade is likely to result in higher borrowing costs for Israel, complicating its efforts to finance the deficit and potentially slowing down economic recovery in the post-conflict period.

Cyprus Hits Historic Tourism Peak As Overtourism Risks Mount

Record-Breaking Performance In Tourism

Cyprus’ tourism sector achieved unprecedented success in 2025 with record-breaking arrivals and revenues. According to Eurobank analyst Konstantinos Vrachimis, the island’s performance was underpinned by solid real income growth and enhanced market diversification.

Robust Growth In Arrivals And Revenues

Total tourist arrivals reached 4.5 million in 2025, rising 12.2% from 4 million in 2024, with momentum sustained through the final quarter. Tourism receipts for the January–November period climbed to €3.6 billion, marking a 15.3% year-on-year increase that exceeded inflation. The improvement was not driven by volume alone. Average expenditure per visitor increased by 4.6%, while daily spending rose by 9.2%, indicating stronger purchasing power and higher-value tourism activity.

Economic Impact And Diversification Of Source Markets

The stronger performance translated into tangible gains for the broader services economy, lifting real tourism-related income and overall sector turnover. Demand patterns are also shifting. While the United Kingdom remains Cyprus’ largest source market, its relative share has moderated as arrivals from Israel, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Austria, and Poland have expanded. This gradual diversification reduces dependency on a single market and strengthens resilience against external shocks.

Enhanced Air Connectivity And Seasonal Dynamics

Air connectivity has improved markedly in 2025, with flight volumes expanding substantially compared to 2019. This expansion is driven by increased airline capacity, enhanced route coverage, and more frequent flights, supporting demand during shoulder seasons and reducing overreliance on peak-month flows. Seasonal patterns remain prominent, with arrivals building through the spring and peaking in summer, thereby bolstering employment, fiscal receipts, and corporate earnings across hospitality, transport, and retail sectors.

Structural Risks And Future Considerations

Despite strong headline figures, structural challenges remain. The European Commission’s EU Tourism Dashboard highlights tourism intensity, seasonality, and market concentration as key risk indicators. Cyprus records a high ratio of overnight stays relative to its resident population, signalling potential overtourism pressures. Continued reliance on a limited group of origin markets also exposes the sector to geopolitical uncertainty and sudden demand swings. Seasonal peaks place additional strain on infrastructure, housing availability, labour supply, and natural resources, particularly water.

Strategic Investment And Market Resilience

Vrachimis concludes that sustained growth will depend on targeted investment, product upgrading, and continued market diversification. Strengthening year-round offerings, improving infrastructure capacity, and promoting higher-value experiences can help balance demand while preserving long-term competitiveness. These measures are essential not only to manage overtourism risks but also to ensure tourism remains a stable pillar of Cyprus’ economic development.

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