Exowatt’s Revolutionary Thermal Solar Power Promises Ultra-Low-Cost Energy

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

November 14, 2025

As the tech industry grapples with an emerging AI power crisis, Hannan Happi, co-founder and CEO of Exowatt, has set his sights on a bold objective: reducing electricity costs to one cent per kilowatt-hour. Drawing on decades-old concentrated solar power technology, Happi and his team have reimagined the conventional approach, refining every detail to optimize structural and maintenance costs while pushing the efficiency envelope.

A Modular Breakthrough In Thermal Energy

At the heart of Exowatt’s strategy is a deceptively simple system—a shipping container-sized unit crowned with a clear awning. Inside, a meticulously designed metal box fitted with sunlight-focusing lenses heats a specialized thermal brick. This process, augmented by a Stirling engine and an integrated generator, converts stored heat into mechanical energy, providing a reliable 24/7 power supply. The design, described by Happi as intentionally streamlined, enables rapid scaling: additional units can be deployed to meet increasing power needs.

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Scaling Innovation With Strategic Investment

In pursuit of its ambitious one-cent-per-kilowatt-hour target, Exowatt recently secured an additional $50 million extension to its $70 million Series A round. The funding round, led by MVP Ventures and 8090 Industries, included participation from respected investors such as Atomic, BAM, Bay Bridge Ventures, DeepWork Capital, and others, along with previous backers like Andreessen Horowitz and Sam Altman. Happi noted that strong market momentum and heightened investor interest prompted the capital raise, positioning Exowatt for accelerated production and deployment.

Positioning Against Established Competitors

Exowatt is leveraging a mature, well-understood technology—often known as concentrated or thermal solar power—that has traditionally been outpaced by advancements in photovoltaic solar panels and lithium-ion batteries. However, by scaling a modular system known for its reliability, Exowatt aims to harness significant learning curve benefits. Happi highlights that while only a hundred or so solar thermal projects exist worldwide compared to the production of 1.5 billion solar panels annually, the streamlined scaling process offers a meaningful competitive edge.

Challenges And Market Alignment

Despite the promise, the Exowatt approach is not without its limitations. The physical footprint required for a large number of P3 units could restrict its viability in certain regions, and the solution is most effective in areas with abundant sunlight. Nonetheless, Happi is optimistic, noting a high degree of overlap between optimal deployment regions and new data center locations—a synergy that could redefine energy supply in this critical sector.

A Vision Beyond Conventional Energy

By repackaging a classic technology through modern manufacturing techniques and iterative design improvements, Exowatt is poised to disrupt the data center market and broader energy landscape. As the company scales production to reach its one-million-unit threshold per year, its innovative approach may serve as a blueprint for achieving previously unattainable levels of energy efficiency and cost reduction in the age of AI.

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Cyprus Income Distribution 2024: An In-Depth Breakdown of Economic Classes

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

December 24, 2025

New findings from the Cyprus Statistical Service offer a comprehensive analysis of the nation’s income stratification in 2024. The report, titled Population By Income Class, provides critical insights into the proportions of the population that fall within the middle, upper, and lower income brackets, as well as those at risk of poverty.

Income Distribution Overview

The data for 2024 show that 64.6% of the population falls within the middle income class – a modest increase from 63% in 2011. However, it is noteworthy that the range for this class begins at a comparatively low threshold of €15,501. Meanwhile, 27.8% of the population continues to reside in the lower income bracket (a figure largely unchanged from 27.7% in 2011), with nearly 14.6% of these individuals identified as at risk of poverty. The upper income class accounted for 7.6% of the population, a slight decline from 9.1% in 2011.

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Income Brackets And Their Thresholds

According to the report, the median equivalent disposable national income reached €20,666 in 2024. The upper limit of the lower income class was established at €15,500, and the threshold for poverty risk was set at €12,400. The middle income category spans from €15,501 to €41,332, while any household earning over €41,333 is classified in the upper income class. The median equivalents for each group were reported at €12,271 for the lower, €23,517 for the middle, and €51,316 for the upper income classes.

Methodological Insights And Comparative Findings

Employing the methodology recommended by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the report defines the middle income class as households earning between 75% and 200% of the national median income. In contrast, incomes exceeding 200% of the median classify households as upper income, while those earning below 75% fall into the lower income category.

Detailed Findings Across Income Segments

Upper Income Class: Comprising 73,055 individuals (7.6% of the population), this group had a median equivalent disposable income of €51,136. Notably, the share of individuals in this category has contracted since 2011.
Upper Middle Income Segment: This subgroup includes 112,694 people (11.7% of the population) with a median income of €34,961. Combined with the upper income class, they represent 185,749 individuals.
Middle Income Group: Encompassing 30.3% of the population (approximately 294,624 individuals), this segment reports a median disposable income of €24,975.
Lower Middle And Lower Income Classes: The lower middle income category includes 22.2% of the population (211,768 individuals) with a median income of €17,800, while the lower income class accounts for 27.8% (267,557 individuals) with a median income of €12,271.

Payment Behaviors And Economic Implications

The report also examines how income levels influence repayment behavior for primary residence loans or rental payments. Historically, households in the lower income class have experienced the greatest delays. In 2024, 27.0% of those in the lower income bracket were late on payments—a significant improvement from 34.6% in 2011. For the middle income class, late payments were observed in 9.9% of cases, down from 21.4% in 2011. Among the upper income class, only 3% experienced delays, compared to 9.9% previously.

This detailed analysis underscores shifts in income distribution and repayment behavior across Cyprus, reflecting broader economic trends that are critical for policymakers and investors to consider as they navigate the evolving financial landscape.

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