Introduction

The conflict involving Iran has increased pressure on global energy markets and raised concerns about oil supply routes in the Middle East. Cyprus, which relies heavily on imported oil for electricity generation and transport, could face higher energy costs if supply disruptions intensify. Andreas Poullikkas, professor of energy systems at Frederick University and former chairman of the Cyprus Energy Regulatory Authority, provided an analysis of potential developments.

Global Energy Market Disruptions

According to Poullikkas, military strikes on Iranian nuclear and energy facilities by the United States and Israel have already affected energy market sentiment. Iran also controls the Strait of Hormuz, a key maritime route through which about 20% of global oil shipments pass.

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Any disruption in this corridor could influence global supply flows. Iranian countermeasures, including attacks on shipping and energy infrastructure, have reportedly reduced oil production by about two million barrels per day.

Market Reactions And Sectoral Impacts

Energy markets have responded with increased price volatility. Brent crude oil recently traded at around $81.40 per barrel. Rising fuel costs have supported energy-sector stocks, while airlines face higher operating expenses. Disruptions affecting liquefied natural gas shipments from Qatar and delays along Red Sea shipping routes have also contributed to higher gas prices in Europe, which have increased by about 15%. Analysts at Goldman Sachs note that the situation is testing the resilience of Europe’s energy system and storage capacity.

Scenario Analysis: Forecasting Impact

Poullikkas outlined several potential scenarios depending on the scale and duration of the conflict.

A limited escalation scenario would involve temporary supply disruptions of about two million barrels per day. Under such conditions, Brent crude prices could fluctuate between $80 and $90 per barrel. Increased production from OPEC members such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, whose combined output has risen by around 500,000 barrels per day, could partly offset supply losses.

A broader escalation involving intensified military activity and attacks on regional infrastructure could push Brent prices into the $90–$110 range. Such a scenario could increase market volatility and add inflationary pressure in energy-importing economies.

The most severe scenario would involve a wider regional conflict disrupting key energy transport routes. In that case, Iranian oil exports could fall by as much as 90%, potentially pushing Brent prices above $120 per barrel. Economic activity in energy-importing regions could also slow under those conditions.

The Cypriot Perspective

Cyprus remains heavily dependent on imported oil for electricity generation. Higher global fuel prices could therefore increase domestic electricity production costs. Poullikkas said these increases could eventually affect consumer electricity bills. He also pointed to the importance of expanding renewable energy capacity, energy storage, and electricity interconnections to reduce long-term dependence on imported fuels.

Conclusion

While global energy markets remain supported by existing reserves and diversified supply sources, the situation in the Middle East continues to introduce uncertainty for oil and gas markets. According to Poullikkas, developments in the region could influence fuel prices and energy costs for import-dependent economies, including Cyprus.