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Ensuring Transparent And Fair Value In Privatisation

State Aid Commissioner Stella Michaelidou has reiterated that the bidding process in all privatisations must be conducted in an open, transparent manner that ensures equal access to information and avoids any conditions that might depress the final sale price. This principle is especially critical in the forthcoming privatisation of the Cyprus Stock Exchange.

Open And Transparent Bidding Process

Commissioner Michaelidou emphasized that competitive tenders should be free from restrictions that could lower the ultimate valuation of the asset. Speaking with the Cyprus News Agency, she clarified that the tender process for the Cyprus Stock Exchange must be rigorously assessed under EU state aid rules. This assessment will be carried out by her office and, if necessary, by the European Commission, ensuring that market standards are maintained.

Independent Valuation And Fair Pricing

The Commissioner stressed the necessity of an independent valuation conducted by a certified firm to ascertain fair market value. “The sale must be conducted at a price that reflects fair value, without being undervalued,” she stated. This insistence on an unbiased valuation prevents any mispricing that could arise from state-imposed conditions or undisclosed arrangements.

Safeguarding The Market Economy Principle

Michaelidou made it clear that the privatisation process must avoid incorporating elements that represent state intervention post-sale, such as special privileges or exclusive rights. She noted that retaining a state stake allows the government to monitor and influence the new owner’s management, contrary to the market economy investor principle where conditions that could lead to state aid should be avoided.

Mitigating State Aid And Ensuring Legal Certainty

Highlighting the broader framework of EU state aid rules, the Commissioner advised that each privatisation case be examined based on its specific data. Conditions imposed in the tender documents must be assessed to ensure they do not translate into state aid. Michaelidou referred to legal precedents where private investors would not impose such conditions, thereby reinforcing the necessity for market-compliant processes.

Ensuring Competitive And Unbiased Tenders

In addition to rigorous evaluations, potential conditions such as tax benefits, guarantees, or debt conversions must be scrupulously examined to ensure they do not provide undue advantages. The assessment should consider realistic market behaviors, risk profiles, and expected returns. The Finance Ministry has been advised to subject any tender conditions to this evaluative process, with the option of using the European Commission’s preliminary notification process to secure legal certainty.

In summary, Commissioner Michaelidou’s guidance underlines the importance of adhering to market standards. By ensuring that bids are invited in an open, transparent manner and that the sale is underpinned by an independent valuation and free of state intervention, the privatisation process can maximise revenues while maintaining fair competition and legal clarity for all parties involved.

Cyprus Hits Historic Tourism Peak As Overtourism Risks Mount

Record-Breaking Performance In Tourism

Cyprus’ tourism sector achieved unprecedented success in 2025 with record-breaking arrivals and revenues. According to Eurobank analyst Konstantinos Vrachimis, the island’s performance was underpinned by solid real income growth and enhanced market diversification.

Robust Growth In Arrivals And Revenues

Total tourist arrivals reached 4.5 million in 2025, rising 12.2% from 4 million in 2024, with momentum sustained through the final quarter. Tourism receipts for the January–November period climbed to €3.6 billion, marking a 15.3% year-on-year increase that exceeded inflation. The improvement was not driven by volume alone. Average expenditure per visitor increased by 4.6%, while daily spending rose by 9.2%, indicating stronger purchasing power and higher-value tourism activity.

Economic Impact And Diversification Of Source Markets

The stronger performance translated into tangible gains for the broader services economy, lifting real tourism-related income and overall sector turnover. Demand patterns are also shifting. While the United Kingdom remains Cyprus’ largest source market, its relative share has moderated as arrivals from Israel, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Austria, and Poland have expanded. This gradual diversification reduces dependency on a single market and strengthens resilience against external shocks.

Enhanced Air Connectivity And Seasonal Dynamics

Air connectivity has improved markedly in 2025, with flight volumes expanding substantially compared to 2019. This expansion is driven by increased airline capacity, enhanced route coverage, and more frequent flights, supporting demand during shoulder seasons and reducing overreliance on peak-month flows. Seasonal patterns remain prominent, with arrivals building through the spring and peaking in summer, thereby bolstering employment, fiscal receipts, and corporate earnings across hospitality, transport, and retail sectors.

Structural Risks And Future Considerations

Despite strong headline figures, structural challenges remain. The European Commission’s EU Tourism Dashboard highlights tourism intensity, seasonality, and market concentration as key risk indicators. Cyprus records a high ratio of overnight stays relative to its resident population, signalling potential overtourism pressures. Continued reliance on a limited group of origin markets also exposes the sector to geopolitical uncertainty and sudden demand swings. Seasonal peaks place additional strain on infrastructure, housing availability, labour supply, and natural resources, particularly water.

Strategic Investment And Market Resilience

Vrachimis concludes that sustained growth will depend on targeted investment, product upgrading, and continued market diversification. Strengthening year-round offerings, improving infrastructure capacity, and promoting higher-value experiences can help balance demand while preserving long-term competitiveness. These measures are essential not only to manage overtourism risks but also to ensure tourism remains a stable pillar of Cyprus’ economic development.

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