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Emerging Markets Face Heightened Vulnerability Amid Shifting Financing Dynamics

Emerging market economies are becoming more exposed to rapid capital outflows as reliance on foreign portfolio investors increases, according to a report by the International Monetary Fund. Portfolio investors, including hedge funds, pension funds, and insurers, now account for a growing share of external financing, increasing sensitivity to global market conditions.

Shifting Landscape Of Financing

Over the past two decades, portfolio investors have accounted for nearly 80% of inflows into emerging market debt. This shift followed the 2008 financial crisis, when banks reduced cross-border lending. Emerging markets subsequently attracted close to $4 trillion in inflows, issuing longer-term and lower-cost debt.

Heightened Sensitivity To Market Shocks

Portfolio flows tend to reverse quickly during periods of financial stress. The IMF notes that hedge funds are among the most reactive investors in such conditions. Rapid withdrawals can lead to currency depreciation and wider corporate and sovereign spreads, increasing pressure on economies reliant on external financing.

Economic And Policy Implications

External portfolio debt averages around 15% of GDP across emerging markets, while equity liabilities account for approximately 7%. In some cases, these exposures represent a significant share of domestic markets. Currency volatility, including movements in Hungary’s forint, reflects sensitivity to capital flows. Expansion of cross-border private credit and stablecoin-linked flows adds further complexity to capital dynamics.

Strategic Measures For Stability

The IMF recommends strengthening institutional frameworks, increasing foreign exchange reserves, and maintaining sustainable public debt levels. These measures aim to reduce vulnerability to capital flow volatility and sudden shifts in investor sentiment.

Outlook

Global capital flow dynamics continue to evolve as emerging markets rely more on portfolio investment. Policy responses and financial buffers will play a key role in managing exposure to external shocks.

Eurobank Launches First UPI Cross-Border Payment From Greece To India

Eurobank has launched its first cross-border payment from Greece to India through the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), marking a new step in the bank’s international expansion and its strategy to strengthen financial ties between Europe and India.

The transaction, completed in cooperation with NPCI International, follows the launch of Eurobank’s new payment service. The inaugural payment was made in the presence of India’s Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal, Eurobank Chief Executive Fokion Karavias and senior executives from NPCI International.

A Strategic Bet On India’s Digital Payments Ecosystem

According to Eleftherios Vlachogiannis, Eurobank’s head of transaction banking, the service currently supports outgoing payments by Indian citizens living in Greece to recipients in India, representing the first phase of a broader collaboration with NPCI International.

UPI is operated by NPCI International. By integrating the system into its e-banking platform and mobile app, Eurobank enables customers to make real-time transfers.

“The most important aspect is the philosophy behind the initiative,” Vlachogiannis said. “Instead of creating another closed payment system, we are integrating mature and internationally recognised payment ecosystems into the bank’s services so customers enjoy a simple, secure and modern transaction experience.”

He added: “Innovation creates value when it delivers a genuine benefit for the customer.”

Building A Financial Bridge Between Europe And India

The UPI launch follows Eurobank’s opening of a representative office in Mumbai, making it the first Greek and Cypriot bank with a physical presence in India. The bank has also expanded its presence through the India-Greece-Cyprus Business and Investment Council, a technology centre in Pune and partnerships with Indian institutions.

Vlachogiannis said India’s economic growth and closer ties with the European Union support the bank’s long-term strategy. He also pointed to progress in negotiations on the EU-India Free Trade Agreement.

Mumbai Office Serves As A Regional Business Hub

Eurobank’s Mumbai office supports businesses seeking to establish operations between India, Greece, Cyprus and the wider European market. It provides access to banking services, business networks and market support.

For Greek companies expanding into India, the bank offers international payments, foreign exchange management, trade finance and supply chain finance. Indian businesses investing in Greece, Cyprus or elsewhere in the European Union can also access financing and corporate banking services through Eurobank.

Aiming To Strengthen The India-Europe Corridor

Looking ahead, Eurobank said it will continue investing in technology, international payments, trade finance and partnerships with Indian organisations.

“Our ambition is to act not only as a banking services provider but also as a strategic partner for businesses and investors seeking to benefit from the opportunities created by this dynamic market,” Vlachogiannis said.

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