EIB Doubles Defence Financing, Expands Eligible Projects While Excluding Weapons

The European Investment Bank (EIB) has announced significant changes to its financing approach for defence projects, including the removal of existing limits on funding and an expanded scope of eligible projects. However, the EIB will still maintain a ban on financing weapons and ammunition.

Ahead of a key defence summit this Thursday, Nadia Calvino, EIB President, outlined plans to EU leaders in a letter, revealing that the bank’s measures are part of the European Union’s broader initiative to enhance defence financing in response to growing security concerns, particularly in light of the ongoing threat from Russia.

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As part of the new strategy, the EIB plans to propose a revision to its eligibility criteria during its March Board of Directors meeting. The adjustments aim to better define excluded activities, keeping them as minimal and precise as possible. Additionally, the bank is set to revise its operational framework to establish an annual financial and capital allocation for defence, ensuring it meets the increasing demands of the EU’s security needs while maintaining the bank’s strong financial position and ability to support other strategic priorities.

The EIB’s balance sheet totals €600 billion, and previously, the bank had targeted doubling its financing for defence projects to €2 billion by 2025, with an upper limit of €8 billion by 2027. With this new policy, the EIB will be able to fund large-scale strategic defence projects that include land border protection, military mobility, infrastructure protection, de-mining, cybersecurity, drones, and other critical technologies.

The change signals a shift in the EIB’s core public policy objectives, placing defence and security on par with other priorities like cohesion and sustainability. The new approach will allow financing for projects such as barracks, radars, helicopters, military facilities, and other infrastructure with no civilian use. However, weapons and ammunition will still be off-limits for EIB funding.

The shift in policy is also seen as a signal to investors and financial institutions, emphasizing that security and defence are now considered essential public goods. This stance contrasts with the bank’s exclusion of activities like gambling, tobacco, or pornography, sending a clear message that EU governments are prioritizing investment in national and regional security.

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Cyprus Income Distribution 2024: An In-Depth Breakdown of Economic Classes

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

December 24, 2025

New findings from the Cyprus Statistical Service offer a comprehensive analysis of the nation’s income stratification in 2024. The report, titled Population By Income Class, provides critical insights into the proportions of the population that fall within the middle, upper, and lower income brackets, as well as those at risk of poverty.

Income Distribution Overview

The data for 2024 show that 64.6% of the population falls within the middle income class – a modest increase from 63% in 2011. However, it is noteworthy that the range for this class begins at a comparatively low threshold of €15,501. Meanwhile, 27.8% of the population continues to reside in the lower income bracket (a figure largely unchanged from 27.7% in 2011), with nearly 14.6% of these individuals identified as at risk of poverty. The upper income class accounted for 7.6% of the population, a slight decline from 9.1% in 2011.

Income Brackets And Their Thresholds

According to the report, the median equivalent disposable national income reached €20,666 in 2024. The upper limit of the lower income class was established at €15,500, and the threshold for poverty risk was set at €12,400. The middle income category spans from €15,501 to €41,332, while any household earning over €41,333 is classified in the upper income class. The median equivalents for each group were reported at €12,271 for the lower, €23,517 for the middle, and €51,316 for the upper income classes.

Methodological Insights And Comparative Findings

Employing the methodology recommended by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the report defines the middle income class as households earning between 75% and 200% of the national median income. In contrast, incomes exceeding 200% of the median classify households as upper income, while those earning below 75% fall into the lower income category.

Detailed Findings Across Income Segments

Upper Income Class: Comprising 73,055 individuals (7.6% of the population), this group had a median equivalent disposable income of €51,136. Notably, the share of individuals in this category has contracted since 2011.
Upper Middle Income Segment: This subgroup includes 112,694 people (11.7% of the population) with a median income of €34,961. Combined with the upper income class, they represent 185,749 individuals.
Middle Income Group: Encompassing 30.3% of the population (approximately 294,624 individuals), this segment reports a median disposable income of €24,975.
Lower Middle And Lower Income Classes: The lower middle income category includes 22.2% of the population (211,768 individuals) with a median income of €17,800, while the lower income class accounts for 27.8% (267,557 individuals) with a median income of €12,271.

Payment Behaviors And Economic Implications

The report also examines how income levels influence repayment behavior for primary residence loans or rental payments. Historically, households in the lower income class have experienced the greatest delays. In 2024, 27.0% of those in the lower income bracket were late on payments—a significant improvement from 34.6% in 2011. For the middle income class, late payments were observed in 9.9% of cases, down from 21.4% in 2011. Among the upper income class, only 3% experienced delays, compared to 9.9% previously.

This detailed analysis underscores shifts in income distribution and repayment behavior across Cyprus, reflecting broader economic trends that are critical for policymakers and investors to consider as they navigate the evolving financial landscape.

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