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EDek Proposes Bold Tax Reforms for Corporate and Individual Relief

Strategic Overhaul of Cyprus Tax Policy

The organization EDek has formally presented its comprehensive proposals for overhauling Cyprus’s tax legislation, outlining a series of measures aimed at easing the burden on companies and individual taxpayers. In a detailed letter addressed to both the President of the Republic and the Parliament, EDek emphasized that unless their proposals are integrated into forthcoming bills, they will move to submit amendments.

Reshaping Corporate Tax Relief

Central to EDek’s strategy is the adjustment of tax rates for corporate entities. The proposals include reducing the corporate tax rate and the special defense levy for small businesses, while reinstating property tax on real estate assets valued above €3 million. Additionally, EDek advocates for enhanced tax credits for individuals and the doubling of tax deductions available to lower-income groups. Despite the increase in the corporate tax rate from 12.5% to 15%, a significant reduction in the defense levy on corporate dividends—from 17% to 5%—serves to balance the overall tax landscape, disproportionately benefiting larger companies.

Encouraging Differential Relief for Small Enterprises

EDek calls for the introduction of a tiered taxation system that provides more substantial relief for small and micro-enterprises. They propose adjusting the defense levy and reducing the corporate tax rate to 10% for these businesses, suggesting that any shortfall in public revenue could be compensated by an increase in the levy for larger corporations. This approach is designed to create a more equitable fiscal environment where the tax benefits are aligned with company size and capacity.

Enhancing Incentives for Property Owners

The reform agenda also recognizes the financial pressures facing property owners. EDek recommends maintaining the current 3% defense levy on rental incomes but proposes converting this amount into tax credits or deductions for individuals in the lower and middle income brackets. This measure, they argue, would alleviate the tax burden on those most affected by rising costs, given that property owners predominantly fall within these income groups.

Streamlining Tax Credits for Individuals

For individual taxpayers, EDek’s proposals focus on simplifying and expanding tax credits. They recommend doubling the deductions available for families earning up to €45,000 and extending eligibility thresholds from €80,000 to €100,000 for incomes between €45,000 and €100,000. Furthermore, EDek advocates eliminating bureaucratic hurdles—such as the mandatory certification for the repayment of housing loans—arguing that such requirements impede both the speed and efficiency of tax filing and review processes.

Revisiting Property Taxation

In addition to reforms affecting companies and individuals, EDek pushes for the reintroduction of the property tax on assets exceeding €3 million, a measure supported by research from the University of Cyprus. This tax would exclude properties held as business inventories or those generating operational income, ensuring that the levy targets high-value assets. EDek also supports the proposal by other political factions to eliminate the stamp duty, while cautioning that any revenue shortfall must be offset by adjustments in other tax areas.

Conclusion

EDek’s proposals signal a robust and balanced approach to tax reform in Cyprus, seeking to promote fiscal fairness by tailoring relief measures to both corporate scale and individual income levels. As these proposals are debated in the corridors of power, their ultimate impact on the nation’s economic structure will be closely monitored by both policymakers and the business community.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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