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Defense Tech Investment Boldly Shifts Toward Military-Only Applications

From Dual-Use to Focused Military Solutions

Once an inaccessible niche for venture capital, defense technology is now at the forefront of strategic investment. While much of the sector has historically required a dual-use angle—where military innovations must also address civilian needs—the landscape is changing. In a decisive divergence, Estonian venture firm Darkstar is channeling funds solely into military applications, aiming to rearm Europe with combat-proven innovations emerging directly from Ukraine.

Strategic Partnerships And Hands-On Support

At the helm of this transformation is Ragnar Sass, Darkstar cofounder and general partner, who stresses the long-term criticality of these investments. Darkstar not only provides capital but also assists startups in navigating complex regulatory environments, setting up compliant entities in NATO countries such as Estonia. This hands-on approach ensures that emerging defense technologies are fully operational for the challenging demands of European military procurement.

Targeted Fundraising and Diverse Portfolio

With a fundraising target of €25 million over the next six to 12 months, Darkstar is focused on early-stage companies, particularly in pre-seed and seed rounds, typically deploying between €500,000 to €1 million per check. Early investments include Ukrainian-Estonian startup FarSight Vision, known for geospatial analytics and 3D mapping for drones, as well as Deftak, a firm innovating in drone ammunition. These strategic bets underscore Darkstar’s commitment to operationalizing technologies that have already been battle-tested in Ukraine.

A Veteran’s Shift to Defense

Sass, a key figure in the Estonian startup ecosystem with a history of successful exits including Pipedrive, recounts his hesitant yet resolute pivot toward defense tech. His conversion was catalyzed by his hands-on experience during the Ukraine conflict, culminating in his first defense investment in the Estonian drone startup, Krattworks. This move marked a turning point, transitioning him from an angel investor to a dedicated advocate for defense sector innovation.

Pan-European Vision Amid Growing Geopolitical Tensions

Driven by the geopolitical imperatives of proximity to Russia and a legacy influenced by the Soviet era, Darkstar’s initiatives reflect a pan-European outlook. Alongside partners from Estonia, Germany, and Ukraine, the firm is positioning itself as a key player in developing autonomous systems, air defense, electromagnetic warfare, cybersecurity, and advanced communications. This expansive portfolio is likely to attract interest from established prime contractors and stimulate the evolution of standalone startups capable of generating significant revenue.

Learning From The Frontlines

Sass’s experiences in Ukraine, where he has engaged with over 100 unit commanders and witnessed firsthand the rapid evolution of military technology, inform Darkstar’s investment criteria and hands-on mentorship through military bootcamps. These events, which will soon be held in Kyiv, offer startups invaluable feedback, field-testing opportunities, and combat validation—critical elements for adapting solutions that meet the rigors of real-world defense challenges.

The Future Of Defense Innovation

While the broader market grapples with the balance between commercial and military applications, Darkstar’s singular focus on military tech highlights a discernible shift. As celebrated companies like Anduril and Helsing demonstrate the potential for venture-scale returns in defense tech, the message is clear: innovation driven by warfare not only meets urgent defense demands, but also paves the way for groundbreaking commercial opportunities in a sector poised for exponential growth.

Sass’s cautionary note underscores this momentum: with Russia’s war economy driving rapid advancements, the tech community must mobilize to counter emerging threats. In this high-stakes arena, expertise, agility, and strategic investment are the new watchwords for a continent poised on the brink of a defense revolution.

Cyprus Foreclosure Reform Debate Intensifies Amid Rising Non-Performing Loans

Political Stakes And Foreclosure Regulation

Cypriot political parties are engaging in a high-stakes debate in parliament as they deliberate changes to the legal framework governing foreclosures ahead of the May parliamentary elections. The proposed shifts are aimed at curbing the rapid escalation in the value of non-performing loans, a trend that has sparked significant public and legislative concern. Confidential data from the Central Bank of Cyprus indicates that the nation has not yet moved away from its longstanding issues related to so-called “red loans.”

Non-Performing Loans: A Mounting Financial Challenge

Recent figures show that the value of distressed loans has continued to rise, surpassing €20 billion following transfers involving banks and credit recovery companies. This level exceeds the approximately €15 billion recorded during the economic crisis period. Central Bank data indicates that after loan sales, credit recovery firms now manage portfolios totaling €19.7 billion, of which €18.5 billion are classified as non-performing. About 87% of these loans are considered terminated, while the firms acquired 141,478 loans for €3.2 billion, roughly 80% below their original value.

Credit Recovery Companies: Overshooting Investment Returns

By June, credit recovery companies had recovered €5.7 billion through a combination of cash repayments, judicial asset auctions and property-for-debt exchanges. Cash repayments accounted for €3.6 billion, judicial recoveries contributed €619 million, and property swaps added €1.5 billion. These recoveries exceeded the original purchase cost of many loan portfolios while overall balances continued to increase due to accrued interest, a development that remains a concern for policymakers.

Bank Portfolios And The Impact On Financial Stability

Data from the State Guarantee Fund for Deposits and Loans shows that 77,561 loans valued at €7.5 billion were transferred, leaving a remaining balance of €5.7 billion by June 2025, of which €5 billion are non-performing. Within the banking sector, non-performing loans totaled €1.45 billion across 24,736 accounts as of last June. Since December 2024, these figures have improved by approximately €86 million due to repayments and asset recoveries. The reduction in problematic loans has lowered bank exposure compared with levels recorded during the 2013 crisis.

Legislative Proposals And Government Considerations

Political leaders argue that adjustments to foreclosure procedures can be introduced without undermining banking stability. Parliament’s Economic Committee is scheduled to begin discussions on March 9, with an estimated 20 to 30 legislative proposals currently pending from multiple parties. While the Ministry of Finance has not announced immediate legislative action, officials are evaluating the potential reintroduction of elements of the Rent-Versus-Rate plan for vulnerable borrowers, subject to fiscal impact assessments.

Advocacy From AKEL And Environmental Groups

Proposals supported by the AKEL party and several civil organizations focus on strengthening legal protections for borrowers. Among the suggested measures is restoring the right to seek judicial relief to delay foreclosures in cases involving disputed charges or alleged abusive contract clauses. AKEL representative Aristos Damianou criticized the pace of foreclosure proceedings and warned of risks to primary residences and small businesses.

Proposals Targeting Guarantors And Foreclosure Processes

The Democratic Rally party has introduced a proposal aimed at limiting guarantor liability during foreclosure procedures. Under the draft measure, if a property is auctioned or repossessed, the guarantor’s responsibility would be capped at the original loan amount adjusted by recovered sums. The proposal also requires that enforcement actions against guarantors be suspended until a court ruling is issued if the borrower formally disputes the debt.

Revisions Proposed By The Democratic Party of Cyprus

The Democratic Party is also preparing new legislative measures to be introduced on Thursday. Party leader Mario Karogian outlined plans to suspend the foreclosures of primary residences valued up to €350,000 until the end of the year, allowing time to address legislative gaps. Additional proposals include broadening the powers of the Financial Ombudsperson to make binding decisions on disputes up to €50,000, enforcing the Central Bank’s code of conduct, and ensuring strict adherence to refinancing guidelines for first residences.

Outlook And Strategic Implications

The range of proposals reflects an ongoing effort to balance financial system stability with stronger consumer protections. Decisions made in the coming months are expected to shape the regulatory environment for foreclosures and influence broader confidence in Cyprus’ financial sector and economic outlook.

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