Cyprus Retail Trade Expands in November 2025 Amid Robust Consumer Demand

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

January 6, 2026

Robust Trading Indices Reflect Strong Consumer Confidence

Cyprus experienced a marked expansion in its retail sector in November 2025, buoyed by resilient consumer demand across multiple categories. According to the Statistical Service, the Turnover Value Index for retail trade—excluding motor vehicles—climbed by 4.6% compared with November 2024, while the Turnover Volume Index surged by 7.6%.

Strong Growth Across Key Categories

When using 2021 as the base year, the aggregated value index reached 145.4, and the volume index attained 132.1. Over the January–November period, the sector recorded cumulative growth of 6.2% in value and 7.8% in volume compared to the same period in the previous year. In particular, specialised stores for food, beverages, and tobacco showed an impressive annual performance, with indices rising 17.4% for value and 22.5% for volume. Supermarkets also demonstrated steady progress, with a 5.3% increase in value and an 8% rise in volume.

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Notable Advances in Apparel and Technology

Other segments, including clothing and footwear, posted solid gains—with value up by 4.8% and volume expanding 14.1%—while information and communication equipment saw a notable growth of 6.0% in value and 15.2% in volume. Moderately expanding sectors included household equipment and construction materials, which recorded growth of 4.3% in value and 6.2% in volume.

Sectoral Challenges and Declines

Certain segments, however, faced downward pressure. Cultural and recreation goods declined slightly, with a 1.3% drop in value accompanied by a 1.5% slip in volume. Similarly, retail sales not in stores, including online and mail-order trade, contracted sharply by 13.7% in value and 12% in volume—although they remained positive on a year-to-date basis. Automotive fuel sales also saw a reduction, with value decreasing by 5.8% and volume by 3.6%.

Aggregate Analysis and Methodological Insights

Broader aggregates excluding automotive fuel reveal that retail trade increased by 5.6% in value and 8.7% in volume. Edible goods recorded rises of 7.1% in value and 10.1% in volume, while non-edible goods grew 4.0% in value and 7.5% in volume. Cystat clarified that the Turnover Value Index is calculated at current prices, whereas the Turnover Volume Index is derived at constant prices using the Consumer Price Index as a deflator.

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Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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