Cyprus Records 2.7% Labor Cost Growth, Among Lowest In EU

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

March 19, 2026

Eurostat data show Cyprus recorded one of the lowest increases in hourly labour costs in the European Union in the fourth quarter of 2025. Hourly labour costs increased by 2.7% year-on-year.

Overview Of Eurostat Findings

Eurostat data show hourly labour costs increased by 3.7% across the European Union and by 3.3% in the euro area compared with the same quarter of 2024. Data indicate continued growth in labour costs across European economies.

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Moderate Wage Growth In Cyprus

Cyprus recorded a 2.7% increase in hourly labour costs, placing it among the lower-growth countries in the EU. Germany reported a similar rate of increase. Several countries recorded lower or negative growth, including Malta, where labour costs declined by 3.9%. France, Italy, Denmark, and Finland also recorded relatively low increases compared with the EU average.

Sectoral Breakdown And Trends

Sector data show differences in labour cost growth across the EU. In the euro area, wages and salaries increased by 3.0%, while non-wage costs rose by 4.4%. Across the EU, wages increased by 3.4% and non-wage costs by 4.5%. Country-level data show higher increases in some markets. Slovenia recorded a 19.1% increase in hourly labour costs, while Bulgaria and Croatia reported increases of 13.8% and 10.5%, respectively. Within the euro area, labour costs increased by 2.5% in industry, 4.0% in construction, and 3.4% in services. EU-wide data show similar trends across sectors.

Detailed Analyses Of Wage And Non-Wage Components

Wages and non-wage costs both contributed to overall increases in labour costs. Sectors including real estate, professional and technical services, and education recorded increases of 4.6%, 4.5%, and 4.4%, respectively. Lower increases were recorded in sectors such as electricity and manufacturing, while mining and quarrying reported a decline.

Implications For European Markets

Labour costs increased across most EU economies, while Cyprus recorded a lower rate of growth. Lower wage growth may affect cost competitiveness compared with other markets. Differences across countries and sectors reflect varying economic conditions and labour market dynamics within the EU.

Overall, the Eurostat report provides a vital snapshot of the current economic environment, advising strategic adaptations in both labour market policies and business cost management across the European Union.

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Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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