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Cyprus’ Public Debt Falls: An Economic Breakthrough?

As of December 31, 2024, Cyprus achieved a noteworthy decline in its public debt, now standing at €20.92 billion—a reduction from €22.18 billion at the close of 2023. This data is sourced from the latest fiscal report by the Republic of Cyprus. The report, presented to both the Finance Minister Makis Keravnos and the Council of Ministers, offers an in-depth analysis of fiscal operations over the year.

Exclusions And Clarifications

It’s essential to note that the total debt figures exclude intergovernmental borrowing, which increased from €10.73 billion in 2023 to €12.03 billion in 2024.

Revenue And Expenditure Insights

Despite recording a deficit of €0.32 billion in 2024, improvements from a €0.45 billion deficit in 2023, Cyprus’ total revenues rose impressively to €9.57 billion from the previous year’s €8.72 billion. This increase was primarily driven by taxation, which contributed a significant 84%, equating to €8.06 billion of total revenues.

Personnel-related expenses and social benefits were among the largest expenditure categories, the latter also includes the government’s €0.77 billion contribution to the General Healthcare System (Gesy).

Social Impact And Transfers

Transfers, mainly involving grants and state contributions to various organizations, including EU-directed funds, accounted for €1.53 billion.

Overall, the financial report sheds light on a dynamic economic year for Cyprus—with significant implications for future fiscal strategies and economic health.

Competition Authority Launches Comprehensive Review of ExxonMobil Cyprus Acquisition

Investigation Initiated Over Strategic Acquisition

The Competition Protection Authority has commenced a thorough investigation into the acquisition of ExxonMobil Cyprus Limited’s share capital by Petrolina Holdings Public Ltd through Med Energywise Ltd. This inquiry was formally initiated following a session held on 10 September 2025, after an in-depth review of the pertinent report by the Authority’s Service.

Concerns Over Market Compatibility

Authorities have expressed serious concerns regarding the compatibility of the transaction with established competitive practices. The review indicates that the acquisition may affect several critical petroleum markets, both horizontally and vertically, thereby raising the potential for adverse impacts on market dynamics.

Horizontal Market Dynamics

On the horizontal front, potential effects have been identified in the import market for petroleum products, as well as in both wholesale and retail distribution channels of these products. The consolidation is believed to increase the risk of price rises and coordinated actions, given the direct competitive proximity between Petrolina and ExxonMobil.

Vertical and Adjacent Market Implications

Vertical aspects of the merger are also under close scrutiny. The new entity could restrict competitors’ access to critical infrastructure such as storage facilities, supply channels, and customer bases. These restrictions could further affect the onshore distribution of fuels, the wholesale market for lubricants, and specialized technical services connected with fuel station operations.

Local Market Considerations

Particular attention is being paid to the potential concentration in the retail fuel market. The investigation suggests that a reduced competitive landscape within a four-kilometer radius of the companies’ fuel stations could lead to diminished local competition, adversely impacting consumer prices and options.

Next Steps and Industry Impact

The Competition Protection Authority, which reached a unanimous decision to pursue a full investigation, remains open to submissions from parties that might be affected by this transaction, as mandated by current legislation. A final decision is expected within four months upon receipt of all necessary evidence, potentially setting a significant precedent for future market consolidation cases in the energy sector.

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