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Cyprus Lending Accelerates In December Amid Diverging Interest Rates

The latest data from the Central Bank of Cyprus reveals a marked acceleration in net new lending for December. Borrowing activity surged towards the end of the year as interest-rate trends diversified across various loan portfolios.

Robust Increase In Net New Lending

Net new loans rose by €368.7 million month on month to €625 million, bringing total new lending volume to €986.9 million. This compares with a net increase of €256.3 million in the previous month and points to stronger borrowing momentum at year-end.

Shifting Trends In Consumer And Housing Finance

Consumer borrowing eased slightly, with net new consumer loans declining from €20.4 million to €17.2 million. In contrast, housing finance strengthened. Loans for property purchases increased to €135.4 million from €113.4 million in November, suggesting continued demand in the residential market despite changing economic conditions.

Corporate Borrowing And Interest Rate Movements

Corporate lending showed mixed dynamics. Loans to non-financial corporations of up to €1 million rose to €60.3 million from €48.3 million, while larger corporate loans jumped to €406.4 million from €69.6 million. At the same time, interest rates moved in different directions depending on loan type. Consumer loan rates edged up to 7.22%, while housing loan rates declined to 3.78%, reflecting varied responses to broader market conditions.

Deposit And Lending Rate Dynamics

Deposit rates also increased moderately. Household time deposits of up to one year rose from 1.13% to 1.2%, while rates for non-financial corporations climbed from 1.17% to 1.27%. Despite these changes, overall lending rates in Cyprus remain close to the euro area median, even as deposit rates continue to differ between markets.

Comparative Analysis To The Eurozone

On a broader European level, weighted average margins for both housing and corporate loans show Cyprus tracking close to eurozone averages. The central bank reported a weighted average margin of -0.3% on new housing loans for households, compared with 0.6% for non-financial corporations. Borrowing costs for several corporate segments eased slightly, indicating stable financing conditions.

Liquidity And Market Implications

Deposit interest rates in Cyprus remain among the lowest in the eurozone, largely due to strong bank liquidity. The Liquidity Coverage Ratio reached 319% in December 2025, well above the eurozone median of 191% and the EU average of 161%. These figures point to a banking sector with ample reserves and relatively low funding pressure.

Overall, the central bank’s data suggests a lending market gaining pace, with housing and corporate borrowing driving growth while liquidity levels remain high. The combination of rising loan volumes, mixed interest-rate movements, and strong bank buffers highlights a financial environment that remains stable but increasingly active.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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