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Cyprus Leads Eurozone In Card Payments As Digital Transactions Surge

Digital Transformation Accelerates In Cyprus

Cyprus has rapidly embraced digital payment methods, with card transactions now constituting 75 percent of total payment volume, the second-highest share in the eurozone after Portugal. According to data released by the Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC), this shift reflects both consumer demand for convenience and the influence of progressive regulatory frameworks.

Regulatory Impacts And Consumer Preferences

Despite the surge in digital transactions, cash and cheques remain present in the domestic payment landscape, although their use has been declining in recent years. The CBC noted that while Cypriots increasingly favor electronic methods, traditional payment instruments still play a local role. Regulatory initiatives, including the September 2021 mandate requiring retail and service-sector establishments to accept card payments, have further supported the digital transition.

Transaction Volumes And Payment Types

While cards lead in transaction volume, credit transfers exceed them in value. During the first half of 2025, credit transfers accounted for 84 percent of total transaction value, while cheques represented 6 percent. The number of payment cards in circulation increased by 7 percent year over year, reaching 2 million, or roughly two cards per resident. Debit cards remain predominant, significantly outpacing credit and post-paid alternatives.

Technology And Infrastructure In A Competitive Landscape

According to the European Central Bank’s report on consumer attitudes toward payments, Cyprus recorded one of the steepest declines in point-of-sale cash use among euro area countries and demonstrated high levels of digital processing for credit transfers, with 98 percent handled electronically. High-value online transactions average €125, compared with €37 in physical retail environments.

Enhanced Infrastructure And Sector Dynamics

The nation’s payment infrastructure is robust, with over 72 percent of ATMs offering contactless transactions compared to just 34 percent across the euro area. Self-service options remain essential, particularly for cash withdrawals and limited cashback services at retail points. Furthermore, the distribution of card payment values reveals that payment institutions capture 14 percent (€912m) of the total, followed by government payments at nearly 12 percent (€768m) and grocery transactions with an 11 percent share (€690m). Online channels dominate transactions toward governmental entities and payment institutions, whereas supermarket transactions predominantly occur in person.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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