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Cyprus House Of Representatives Approves Landmark Comprehensive Tax Reform

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

December 23, 2025

Historic Approval And Government Endorsement

The Cyprus House of Representatives has approved the comprehensive tax transformation bills, a milestone that the Ministry of Finance hailed as a major step forward. The Ministry expressed its satisfaction with the reform’s passage while acknowledging the sustained contributions of various social and economic stakeholders throughout the extensive two-year consultation process.

A New Framework For Economic Equity And Sustainability

According to finance authorities, the new tax reform is a seminal initiative designed to underpin a more equitable, efficient, and sustainable economic system in Cyprus. Set to take effect on January 1, 2026, the framework aims to bolster social justice by easing the tax burden on both individuals and legal entities. This forward-looking policy strategy seeks to reinvigorate public confidence and stimulate a more productive economic environment.

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Targeted Support And Incentives For Households

The reform includes targeted measures to support families—particularly those with children and students—while also promoting a greener transition for households. Notable incentives include:

An increase of the tax-free threshold for individuals from €19,500 to €22,000, along with a recalibration of tax brackets.
Substantial tax deductions for families: €1,000 per parent for the first child, €1,250 for the second, and €1,500 for the third and additional children.
Deductions for housing and green expenditures, offering a €1,000 allowance per spouse or partner.
Deductions covering up to €2,000 annually for rented accommodations and interest on subsidized mortgage loans per spouse or partner.

Corporate Tax Adjustments To Enhance Investment Appeal

The new framework also reconfigures fiscal measures for corporate entities, including:

The complete removal of deemed dividend distribution.
A reduction in the withholding tax on actual dividend distributions from 17% to 5%.
The abolition of stamp duty charges.
Increased exemptions related to Capital Gains Tax objectives.
Favorable treatment of stock options.
An adjustment of the corporate tax rate from 12.5% to 15%.

A Vision For A Fair And Resilient Economy

The Ministry emphasizes that the new tax regime is not only an economic adjustment but also a strong social and political statement. It embodies the vision of the government led by Nikos Christodoulides to create an economy that is fairer, more productive, and resilient. With this reform, the country is set to enhance support for the middle class while opening substantial new prospects for young professionals, families, and domestic businesses.

The Future Forbes Realty Global Properties

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.