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Cyprus Holds The Helm: Among EU’s Top Maritime Freight Hubs In 2023

In a year where the sea remained the backbone of freight logistics across Europe, Cyprus emerged as a leading maritime force. According to new Eurostat data, the island ranked second among EU member states for the volume of goods transported by sea, with 96.5% of its freight moving via maritime routes in 2023.

Across the European Union, sea transport dominated the freight landscape, accounting for 67.4% of total tonne-kilometres—a measure that factors cargo volume and distance travelled. While Portugal led with 98.2%, Cyprus and Greece closely followed, showcasing the strategic importance of the Eastern Mediterranean in European trade flows.

modal split freight transport 2023

For 15 of the 22 coastal EU countries, shipping was the primary mode of freight transport. In 10 of them, it represented more than 70% of all movement. Cyprus stood out not only for its reliance on sea freight but also due to the absence of rail infrastructure and minimal inland waterway activity, further cementing its dependence on—and efficiency in—maritime logistics.

While road freight made up 25.3% of EU cargo transport, and rail lagged at 5.5%, Cyprus’ numbers underscore a regional contrast where shipping lanes—not highways—move the economy. Inland waterways (1.6%) and air freight (0.2%) played only marginal roles across the bloc, with Cyprus among countries where these modes are nearly nonexistent.

The report also reveals long-term shifts. Since 2013, only road transport has gained ground in the EU (+2.8 percentage points). Sea freight slightly dipped (-2.0 pp), indicating gradual diversification in continental logistics—but not in island nations like Cyprus, where geography still dictates logistics strategy.

Elsewhere in Europe, countries like Luxembourg (84.5%), Czechia (77.7%), and Hungary (70.7%) leaned heavily on road freight. Rail transport remained strong in Lithuania (31.7%) and Slovakia (30.1%), while Romania led in inland waterway transport (18.9%).

As Cyprus doubles down on its port infrastructure and continues to position itself as a critical maritime hub bridging Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, these figures highlight both a present strength and a future opportunity. In a shifting transport landscape, the island’s maritime dominance remains not just a necessity but a strategic advantage.

EU Farm Output Prices Decline For The First Time In Nine Months

EU Market Adjustments Signal New Price Trends

Agricultural output prices across the European Union declined in the fourth quarter of 2025, marking a shift after several quarters of increases. Data from Eurostat shows that farm gate prices fell by 1.9% compared with the same period in 2024.

Crisis of Declining Prices In Select Markets

Cyprus recorded one of the more notable decreases in agricultural input costs among EU member states, with prices falling by 2.6% compared with Q4 2024. The reduction eased cost pressures for the local agricultural sector following periods of higher prices earlier in 2025. Across the EU, prices for goods and services consumed in agriculture remained relatively stable. Non-investment inputs such as energy, fertilisers and feedingstuffs showed limited overall changes during the quarter.

Country-Specific Divergence In Price Movements

Eurostat data highlights considerable variation across member states. Fifteen EU countries recorded declines in agricultural output prices. Belgium registered the largest decrease at 12.9%, followed by Lithuania (8.2%) and Germany (6.0%). At the same time, twelve countries reported increases in output prices. Ireland recorded the strongest rise at 6.8%, followed by Slovenia (5.6%) and Malta (4.2%).

Stability In Agricultural Inputs Amid Commodity Shifts

Agricultural input prices also showed mixed developments. Eleven member states recorded declines, including Cyprus (2.6%), Belgium (2.1%) and Sweden (2.0%). Other countries experienced moderate increases, including Lithuania (4.2%), Ireland (3.3%) and Romania (2.5%). Among major agricultural commodities, milk prices declined by 4.1% while cereal prices fell by 8.9% across the EU. In contrast, fertilisers and soil improvers increased by 7.9%, reflecting continued volatility in input markets.

Outlook For EU Agriculture

The latest Eurostat data points to uneven price developments across the EU agricultural sector. While input prices remained broadly stable in many markets, movements in output prices varied significantly between member states. These trends highlight the need for farmers and policymakers to adapt to shifting commodity prices and changing cost structures across the European agricultural market.

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