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Cyprus Fiscal Council Urges Targeted Support Amid Inflation Risks

The Cyprus Fiscal Council warned of potential economic impact linked to recent developments involving Iran, citing risks to inflation, supply chains, and broader economic conditions. Council called for timely government action to address potential effects on the Cypriot economy.

Economic Pressures Mount As Geopolitical Uncertainty Grows

Recent developments related to Iran are increasing uncertainty in the economic outlook, according to the council. Officials said risks may affect multiple sectors through higher costs, supply disruptions, and shifts in external demand.

High Uncertainty, Prolonged Conflict, And Broad-Based Inflation

According to the council, the continuation of hostilities, potentially evolving into an asymmetric war, introduces a high degree of uncertainty into the economic outlook. Officials stressed that the risks permeate every segment of the economy. Inflationary pressures are expected to extend beyond fuel costs, affecting commodities, intermediate goods, and fertilisers, while supply chain delays exacerbate the situation.

Strategic, Targeted Interventions Over Blanket Measures

Despite the potentially severe challenges, the Fiscal Council underscored that the government retains the capacity to respond effectively, buoyed by an improved fiscal position and strengthened liquidity reserves. However, rather than implementing blanket measures, the council recommended targeted support for low-income households and small to medium enterprises, which are most at risk. This focused approach is intended to safeguard employment and support sustained economic growth.

Clear Objectives And Sector-Specific Support

The council also emphasized that any intervention should be temporary and built upon clear, measurable objectives. By establishing pre-declared targets, it becomes possible to evaluate effectiveness and adjust strategies as needed. Furthermore, sector-specific support must be informed by individual industry conditions including liquidity levels, historical profitability, and banking sector exposure. For instance, sectors that experienced disproportionate price increases should be allowed to recalibrate without excessive state intervention.

Maintaining Fiscal Stability Amid Rising Pressures

Fiscal stability remains paramount amid expected revenue and expenditure challenges extending to 2028. The council’s advice is a reminder to policymakers that while targeted measures can mitigate immediate shocks, preserving economic resilience depends on maintaining a stable fiscal foundation over the long term.

Given the unpredictable trajectory of the conflict and its potential long-term impact, the council’s recommendations highlight the need for a nuanced and strategic policy response, aligning targeted support with clear fiscal prudence.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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