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Cop29 Begins In Baku, Spotlight On Climate Finance And Global Goals

The UN Climate Conference COP29 has commenced in Baku, with leaders from nearly 200 nations gathering to evaluate progress and renew commitments under the Paris Agreement. This year, financial strategies to support developing nations in addressing climate change are expected to take centre stage.

Key Focus Areas

Discussions will focus on limiting global warming to 1.5°C and ensuring financial support for climate action. Wealthier nations, including the US, Japan, and EU members, pledged $100 billion in annual aid to developing nations, though this target, set to expire, has only occasionally been met. Developing countries seek up to $1 trillion in annual support, but industrialized nations aim to share costs with other major emitters like China and Gulf countries.

Financial Negotiations

The conference is expected to yield new funding targets, sourced from state budgets and international institutions, along with possible mechanisms like fossil fuel taxes. Developed countries have so far favoured loans over direct aid, but the pressure is mounting for increased grants and alternative funding options.

Challenges Ahead

The potential impact of Donald Trump’s return to the White House has raised concerns, with sources indicating a possible US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and renewed support for fossil fuel development. These factors could complicate negotiations on carbon reductions and clean energy transitions.

Continued Investments

Last year’s COP28 in Dubai marked an important step with countries agreeing to transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems. Clean energy investments have surged to nearly $2 trillion in 2023, yet fossil fuel investments also persist, particularly in coal, with over 50 GW of new coal plants approved in 2023 alone.

As talks unfold, leaders face pressure to secure greater financial commitments and accelerate the shift toward sustainable energy sources.

EU Moderates Emissions While Sustaining Economic Momentum

The European Union witnessed a modest decline in greenhouse gas emissions in the second quarter of 2025, as reported by Eurostat. Emissions across the EU registered at 772 million tonnes of CO₂-equivalents, marking a 0.4 percent reduction from 775 million tonnes in the same period of 2024. Concurrently, the EU’s gross domestic product rose by 1.3 percent, reinforcing the ongoing decoupling between economic growth and environmental impact.

Sector-By-Sector Performance

Within the broader statistics on emissions by economic activity, the energy sector—specifically electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply—experienced the most significant drop, declining by 2.9 percent. In comparison, the manufacturing sector and transportation and storage both achieved a 0.4 percent reduction. However, household emissions bucked the trend, increasing by 1.0 percent over the same period.

National Highlights And Notable Exceptions

Among EU member states, 12 reported a reduction in emissions, while 14 saw increases, and Estonia’s figures remained static. Notably, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Finland recorded the most pronounced declines at 8.6 percent, 5.9 percent, and 4.2 percent respectively. Of the 12 countries reducing emissions, three—Finland, Germany, and Luxembourg—also experienced a contraction in GDP growth.

Dual Achievement: Environmental And Economic Goals

In an encouraging development, nine member states, including Cyprus, managed to lower their emissions while maintaining economic expansion. This dual achievement—reducing environmental impact while fostering economic activity—is a trend that has increasingly influenced EU climate policies. Other nations that successfully balanced these outcomes include Austria, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, and Sweden.

Conclusion

As the EU continues to navigate its climate commitments, these quarterly insights underscore a gradual yet significant shift toward balancing emissions reductions with robust economic growth. The evolving landscape highlights the critical need for sustainable strategies that not only mitigate environmental risks but also invigorate economic resilience.

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