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Cohesion Policy: A Pillar For Green And Digital Transitions In The EU

The recent meeting of the General Affairs Council of the EU, held in Luxembourg, underscored the critical role of the EU Cohesion Policy in facilitating the green and digital transitions essential for sustainable development across member states. Cypriot Finance Minister Makis Keravnos highlighted the significance of this policy, advocating for its alignment with the EU’s strategic objectives for 2024-2029 to promote economic, social, and territorial cohesion.

Strategic Synergies for Balanced Development

Minister Keravnos emphasised the necessity of integrating the Cohesion Policy with the new EU Strategic Agenda. He argued that this alignment is vital to ensure balanced development across all EU regions. The policy’s investment in green and digital transitions is not merely a strategic choice but a legal obligation under the EU Treaties. It aims to foster economic, social, and territorial cohesion, which in turn reinforces the Single Market.

Decentralised Decision-Making and Stakeholder Participation

The discussions also touched upon the importance of decentralised decision-making and active participation of stakeholders at all levels – European, national, and local. This approach ensures that the unique characteristics and potential of each member state are harnessed effectively, promoting overall growth and prosperity within the EU. Cyprus’ position advocates for a collaborative model where localised insights and initiatives drive the broader EU goals.

Addressing Challenges and Opportunities

The General Affairs Council’s meeting highlighted both the challenges and opportunities presented by the green and digital transitions. As the EU moves towards a more sustainable and technologically advanced future, the Cohesion Policy is seen as a key tool to address disparities and ensure that all regions benefit from these advancements.

Cyprus Hits Historic Tourism Peak As Overtourism Risks Mount

Record-Breaking Performance In Tourism

Cyprus’ tourism sector achieved unprecedented success in 2025 with record-breaking arrivals and revenues. According to Eurobank analyst Konstantinos Vrachimis, the island’s performance was underpinned by solid real income growth and enhanced market diversification.

Robust Growth In Arrivals And Revenues

Total tourist arrivals reached 4.5 million in 2025, rising 12.2% from 4 million in 2024, with momentum sustained through the final quarter. Tourism receipts for the January–November period climbed to €3.6 billion, marking a 15.3% year-on-year increase that exceeded inflation. The improvement was not driven by volume alone. Average expenditure per visitor increased by 4.6%, while daily spending rose by 9.2%, indicating stronger purchasing power and higher-value tourism activity.

Economic Impact And Diversification Of Source Markets

The stronger performance translated into tangible gains for the broader services economy, lifting real tourism-related income and overall sector turnover. Demand patterns are also shifting. While the United Kingdom remains Cyprus’ largest source market, its relative share has moderated as arrivals from Israel, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Austria, and Poland have expanded. This gradual diversification reduces dependency on a single market and strengthens resilience against external shocks.

Enhanced Air Connectivity And Seasonal Dynamics

Air connectivity has improved markedly in 2025, with flight volumes expanding substantially compared to 2019. This expansion is driven by increased airline capacity, enhanced route coverage, and more frequent flights, supporting demand during shoulder seasons and reducing overreliance on peak-month flows. Seasonal patterns remain prominent, with arrivals building through the spring and peaking in summer, thereby bolstering employment, fiscal receipts, and corporate earnings across hospitality, transport, and retail sectors.

Structural Risks And Future Considerations

Despite strong headline figures, structural challenges remain. The European Commission’s EU Tourism Dashboard highlights tourism intensity, seasonality, and market concentration as key risk indicators. Cyprus records a high ratio of overnight stays relative to its resident population, signalling potential overtourism pressures. Continued reliance on a limited group of origin markets also exposes the sector to geopolitical uncertainty and sudden demand swings. Seasonal peaks place additional strain on infrastructure, housing availability, labour supply, and natural resources, particularly water.

Strategic Investment And Market Resilience

Vrachimis concludes that sustained growth will depend on targeted investment, product upgrading, and continued market diversification. Strengthening year-round offerings, improving infrastructure capacity, and promoting higher-value experiences can help balance demand while preserving long-term competitiveness. These measures are essential not only to manage overtourism risks but also to ensure tourism remains a stable pillar of Cyprus’ economic development.

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