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Central Bank Of Cyprus Sets Benchmark Rate At 11.62% As Lending Rules Tighten

New Regulatory Milestone

The Central Bank of Cyprus has set the benchmark reference interest rate at 11.62% under Article 314A of the Penal Code (Chapter 154). The move signals continued regulatory oversight of lending practices in the financial sector.

Legal Framework And Enforcement

According to the Central Bank of Cyprus, the provision states that any person who, during the granting, renewal, extension or prepayment of a loan, seeks or receives an economic benefit that exceeds the reference interest rate may be committing a criminal offense. The rule applies whether the benefit is taken directly or indirectly, and whether it is intended for the individual or a third party.

Potential Penalties

Violations can result in penalties of up to five years in prison, a fine of up to €30,000, or both. The measure is intended to discourage excessive interest charges and ensure compliance with the legal limits on lending rates.

Enhancing Oversight Of The Credit Market

The announcement forms part of broader supervision of the credit market and is aimed at protecting borrowers through stricter compliance with existing laws. The Central Bank of Cyprus said it will continue monitoring lending practices to maintain financial stability and consumer confidence.

Nearly 80% Of Cyprus’ Foreign Investment Came From Outside EU In 2025

Cyprus had the highest share of foreign direct investment (FDI) originating outside the European Union among 14 EU member states reporting data for 2025. According to Eurostat, non-EU economies accounted for 79.4% of the island’s inward FDI, highlighting its distinct position among the reporting countries.

The figures contrast with most other EU economies, where investment from within the bloc remains the main source of foreign capital.

Cyprus Leads In Non-EU Investment Share

Eurostat measures inward FDI positions by the ultimate investing economy, identifying the economy where the investment ultimately originates rather than only the country through which it is channelled. This distinction is important when investments involve subsidiaries or intermediary holding companies.

In nine of the 14 reporting countries, most foreign investment came from within the EU. The Czech Republic recorded the highest intra-EU share, at 75.1%, followed by Romania at 73.3% and Estonia at 64.8%.

Cyprus was among five countries where non-EU economies accounted for more than half of inward FDI. Spain, Sweden, Greece and Denmark also recorded shares above 50%, ranging from 51% to 55.1%.

US Is The Largest Source Of FDI Across Reporting Countries

Across the 14 countries collectively, the United States was the largest ultimate source of foreign direct investment, accounting for 15.4% of the total.

Germany ranked second at 11.5%, followed by France at 9.4%, the United Kingdom at 9.3% and Switzerland at 5.8%.

These figures reflect the combined investment positions of the reporting countries and do not identify Cyprus’s leading individual investment sources. However, the country-level data underline the island’s strong reliance on capital originating outside the European Union.

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