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AI Skills Gap Is Splitting The Workforce Into Two Speeds

A widening gap in AI skills is creating two different workplace realities. Employees who use AI regularly feel more confident about their careers and are more likely to consider changing jobs, while much of the workforce lacks access to the training needed to keep pace. That is the central finding of PwC’s 2026 Global Workforce Hopes and Fears Survey, which surveyed nearly 50,000 workers across 48 countries and regions.

For employers, the findings highlight a growing challenge: without broader access to learning and development, companies risk losing their most capable employees while limiting productivity across the wider workforce.

Access To Training Is Declining

Only 51% of workers say they have access to the learning and development resources they need, down from 59% a year earlier. The gap is particularly pronounced among the 56% of workers PwC classifies as the “engine room” of the workforce, whose skills are less scarce and who are still early in their AI learning journey. Just two in five in this group have the resources they need to develop their skills.

By contrast, daily AI users are more confident in their job security, more likely to trust management and more optimistic about their ability to learn new skills. AI is becoming both a productivity tool and a source of career advantage for those who adopt it early.

Financial Pressure Adds To Workplace Anxiety

Economic strain is compounding these challenges. Only one-third of workers say they have money left at the end of the month, down eight percentage points year on year. Nearly three in 10 believe they have significantly less bargaining power than they did three years ago, more than twice the share who disagree.

Fully remote workers report even greater pressure, with that proportion 10 percentage points higher. Meanwhile, 57% identify economic volatility as a major threat to job security, compared with 44% who are more concerned about AI taking over additional tasks. Gen Z workers report the highest levels of anxiety across these measures.

Workplace Change Is Outpacing Adaptation

Among workers who have experienced change at work, 58% say more change occurred in the past year than in previous years. Another 27% report that fatigue or burnout is limiting their productivity.

At the same time, 40% say they have had to apply new skills to a large or very large extent over the past year. Adaptation varies by seniority: 51% of senior executives and 46% of managers report applying new skills, compared with 29% of non-managers and 38% of entry-level workers.

The difference points to a potential disconnect between leadership and the teams responsible for implementing new strategies. If employees lack the skills to keep pace, organisational transformation risks moving faster than the workforce can adapt.

AI Adoption Brings Greater Confidence

AI use is increasing. Some 64% of workers say they used AI in the past 12 months, up 10 percentage points from the previous year. Daily use of generative AI rose from 14% to 22%, while 59% expect their workplace use of AI tools to increase over the next year.

Daily users are roughly five times more likely to say AI makes them feel energised and empowered rather than tired and powerless. They are also more confident about their jobs: 68% feel secure in their employment, compared with 57% of infrequent users.

The differences extend to career prospects. Daily AI users are 12 percentage points more likely to seek a promotion, 15 points more likely to trust senior management and 21 points more likely to believe they can learn new skills.

Four Groups Are Emerging In The AI Transition

PwC identifies four workforce segments based on the scarcity of employees’ skills and their progress in learning AI:

  • Front-runners (14%) have scarce skills and strong AI capabilities.
  • AI insurgents (18%) have less scarce skills but use AI to increase their output.
  • Indispensables (11%) have highly valued skills but are less advanced in AI adoption.
  • Engine room (56%) workers have less scarce skills and are still early in their AI learning journey.

The largest group presents a particular challenge for employers. According to PwC, these workers are less likely to be rewarded for using AI, developing new skills or challenging established practices, despite making up the majority of the workforce and handling much of the day-to-day work that keeps organisations running.

AI Talent Is Becoming Harder To Retain

The advantages of AI capability also make experienced employees more attractive to other employers. PwC found that 29% of front-runners say they are very or extremely likely to change employer within the next year.

Companies therefore face two priorities: retaining employees with strong AI skills and helping the wider workforce develop the capabilities needed to adapt. Making training accessible across the organisation, rather than concentrating it among a select group, will be essential to improving productivity and reducing the risk of talent loss.

Cybersecurity Is No Longer Enough As Corporate Threats Expand

Cyber threats are becoming harder to separate from wider risks facing businesses, their leaders and employees. A European Commission-backed survey cited by Euronews found that three in four employees had encountered suspicious emails, messages or links at work. Nearly four in 10 reported phishing attempts or redirection to fake websites designed to steal data or gain unauthorised access. Others had encountered attempts to obtain personal information, deploy malware or steal passwords.

For businesses, however, digital attacks are only part of a much broader security challenge. Organisations must increasingly prepare for threats that span online activity, internal misconduct and physical harm.

Beyond Cybercrime: A Wider Threat Landscape

Companies, executives and employees face risks from organised criminal groups, hostile state actors, insiders and individual attackers. While some threats involve ransomware, stolen credentials or data breaches, others can escalate into stalking, harassment, kidnapping or violence against senior leaders and their families.

This convergence of digital and physical risks is forcing businesses to rethink security as a broader strategic responsibility rather than a function focused primarily on IT systems.

Insider Threats Carry A Growing Cost

Current and former employees can pose significant risks when they misuse privileged access, steal data or sabotage systems. According to a Ponemon Institute report cited in the original article, the average total cost of insider threat incidents rose by approximately 135% between 2018 and 2025.

North America recorded the highest average annual cost in 2025, at $24 million, while Europe followed at $18.6 million. These figures highlight the financial consequences of internal security failures, which can undermine business continuity, damage reputations and affect earnings.

Executives And Their Families Face Greater Exposure

Security concerns are also becoming more personal. The 2024 killing of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson in the United States demonstrated how grievances can escalate into violence against corporate leaders. Europe has experienced similar concerns, including the attempted kidnapping of the daughter of French cryptocurrency executive Pierre Noizat last year.

A survey by the International Security Management Association (ISMA) found that more than half of chief security officers reported that their organisations’ senior executives or family members received up to nine direct threats of harm each year through online, telephone, written or other channels.

Public records, social media and AI-enabled research can make it easier for attackers to gather sensitive information without sophisticated intelligence networks. Family members’ online activity may reveal personal details, while publicly available data can be combined to build a more complete picture of an executive’s life. One study cited in the original article found that home addresses were publicly discoverable in 94% of executive vulnerability assessments.

Economic Uncertainty And Political Division Add To Risk

Traditional threat models are struggling to account for an environment in which the path from grievance to action can be difficult to predict. Economic pressures and political anger can converge, with businesses and their leaders becoming visible targets for wider frustration.

In a survey of more than 2,300 security chiefs across 31 countries, Allied Universal found that 44% expected economic instability to be the leading security hazard in the year ahead. Political polarisation adds another layer of uncertainty: a 2024 Littler report found that 86% of European employers faced at least some difficulty managing divisive political beliefs in the workplace, up from 75% a year earlier.

Corporate announcements, restructuring decisions and executives’ public positions can all become flashpoints in a tense environment.

Threat Assessment Must Become A Boardroom Priority

Responding to these risks requires more than perimeter security. Companies need to identify potential triggers that could provoke strong reactions, from profit warnings and workforce reductions to decisions to halt research funding or public statements on political issues.

Mapping these pressure points requires cooperation between boards and security teams. Rather than treating threat assessment as a purely operational task, organisations need to anticipate how business decisions may affect their exposure and how quickly a situation could escalate.

AI Is Becoming Part Of The Security Response

Artificial intelligence can help security teams identify patterns and respond more quickly. Potential applications include CCTV object recognition, facial recognition, social media monitoring, weapon detection and predictive analysis.

Technology alone, however, cannot address the full range of risks. Cybersecurity remains essential, but it must form part of a broader framework covering insider threats, executive protection, physical security and political volatility.

As Europe marks cybersecurity month, the challenge for business leaders is to recognise how closely these risks are connected. Security is no longer simply a back-office function; it is an increasingly important part of corporate resilience and strategic decision-making.

ISMA, the International Security Management Association, is a global membership organisation for senior chief security officers at multinational companies. Founded in 1983, it has approximately 375 members, including executives from 25 companies in the FTSE 100, DAX and CAC 40, as well as a majority of Fortune 100 companies and 25% of the Fortune 500. Its members include security leaders from MetLife, S&P Global, Sky, Four Seasons, Unilever and Novo Nordisk.Cyber threats are becoming harder to separate from wider risks facing businesses, their leaders and employees. A European Commission-backed survey cited by Euronews found that three in four employees had encountered suspicious emails, messages or links at work. Nearly four in 10 reported phishing attempts or redirection to fake websites designed to steal data or gain unauthorised access. Others had encountered attempts to obtain personal information, deploy malware or steal passwords.

For businesses, however, digital attacks are only part of a much broader security challenge. Organisations must increasingly prepare for threats that span online activity, internal misconduct and physical harm.

Beyond Cybercrime: A Wider Threat Landscape

Companies, executives and employees face risks from organised criminal groups, hostile state actors, insiders and individual attackers. While some threats involve ransomware, stolen credentials or data breaches, others can escalate into stalking, harassment, kidnapping or violence against senior leaders and their families.

This convergence of digital and physical risks is forcing businesses to rethink security as a broader strategic responsibility rather than a function focused primarily on IT systems.

Insider Threats Carry A Growing Cost

Current and former employees can pose significant risks when they misuse privileged access, steal data or sabotage systems. According to a Ponemon Institute report cited in the original article, the average total cost of insider threat incidents rose by approximately 135% between 2018 and 2025.

North America recorded the highest average annual cost in 2025, at $24 million, while Europe followed at $18.6 million. These figures highlight the financial consequences of internal security failures, which can undermine business continuity, damage reputations and affect earnings.

Executives And Their Families Face Greater Exposure

Security concerns are also becoming more personal. The 2024 killing of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson in the United States demonstrated how grievances can escalate into violence against corporate leaders. Europe has experienced similar concerns, including the attempted kidnapping of the daughter of French cryptocurrency executive Pierre Noizat last year.

A survey by the International Security Management Association (ISMA) found that more than half of chief security officers reported that their organisations’ senior executives or family members received up to nine direct threats of harm each year through online, telephone, written or other channels.

Public records, social media and AI-enabled research can make it easier for attackers to gather sensitive information without sophisticated intelligence networks. Family members’ online activity may reveal personal details, while publicly available data can be combined to build a more complete picture of an executive’s life. One study cited in the original article found that home addresses were publicly discoverable in 94% of executive vulnerability assessments.

Economic Uncertainty And Political Division Add To Risk

Traditional threat models are struggling to account for an environment in which the path from grievance to action can be difficult to predict. Economic pressures and political anger can converge, with businesses and their leaders becoming visible targets for wider frustration.

In a survey of more than 2,300 security chiefs across 31 countries, Allied Universal found that 44% expected economic instability to be the leading security hazard in the year ahead. Political polarisation adds another layer of uncertainty: a 2024 Littler report found that 86% of European employers faced at least some difficulty managing divisive political beliefs in the workplace, up from 75% a year earlier.

Corporate announcements, restructuring decisions and executives’ public positions can all become flashpoints in a tense environment.

Threat Assessment Must Become A Boardroom Priority

Responding to these risks requires more than perimeter security. Companies need to identify potential triggers that could provoke strong reactions, from profit warnings and workforce reductions to decisions to halt research funding or public statements on political issues.

Mapping these pressure points requires cooperation between boards and security teams. Rather than treating threat assessment as a purely operational task, organisations need to anticipate how business decisions may affect their exposure and how quickly a situation could escalate.

AI Is Becoming Part Of The Security Response

Artificial intelligence can help security teams identify patterns and respond more quickly. Potential applications include CCTV object recognition, facial recognition, social media monitoring, weapon detection and predictive analysis.

Technology alone, however, cannot address the full range of risks. Cybersecurity remains essential, but it must form part of a broader framework covering insider threats, executive protection, physical security and political volatility.

As Europe marks cybersecurity month, the challenge for business leaders is to recognise how closely these risks are connected. Security is no longer simply a back-office function; it is an increasingly important part of corporate resilience and strategic decision-making.

ISMA, the International Security Management Association, is a global membership organisation for senior chief security officers at multinational companies. Founded in 1983, it has approximately 375 members, including executives from 25 companies in the FTSE 100, DAX and CAC 40, as well as a majority of Fortune 100 companies and 25% of the Fortune 500. Its members include security leaders from MetLife, S&P Global, Sky, Four Seasons, Unilever and Novo Nordisk.

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