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January 2025 Breaks Records As the Warmest On Record, Despite La Niña Transition

The year 2025 has started with a record-breaking January, marking the warmest January on record, continuing the trend of extreme global temperatures despite the shift to the cooler La Niña weather pattern.

Key Facts

  • January 2025 continued the pattern of unusually high global temperatures, with the average temperature being over 1.5°C higher than pre-industrial levels in 18 of the last 19 months, according to the EU’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).
  • The global temperature for January was 1.75°C higher than pre-industrial levels.
  • This warm streak continues even as the world shifts from the previous warming El Niño phase, which contributed to making 2024 the hottest year on record, to the cooling La Niña phase. La Niña is characterized by the cooling of equatorial Pacific waters, typically limiting the global temperature rise.

Important Quote

“The fact that we are still seeing record temperatures outside the influence of El Niño is a bit surprising,” said Samantha Burgess, strategy manager at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.

Key Story

El Niño peaked more than a year ago, and Copernicus estimates that La Niña has not yet fully developed, placing the world in a neutral state between the two phases.

Despite La Niña’s cooling effect, Burgess notes that it might not be enough to temporarily curb global temperatures. Other factors contributing to the heat include extreme temperatures in other ocean basins and, most importantly, the ongoing greenhouse gas emissions, which are the primary driver of global warming.

“The biggest factor contributing to climate warming is the burning of fossil fuels,” says Burgess.

Scientists from Berkeley Earth have projected that 2025 is likely to be the third warmest year on record, following 2024 and 2023. Although La Niña may cause some cooling, uncertainty remains about how it will develop.

Globally, average sea surface temperatures for January 2025 were the second highest ever recorded for the month, only slightly surpassed by January 2024.

Central Bank Of Cyprus Balance Sheet Reflects Strong Eurosystem Position

Overview Of Financial Stability

The Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC) has released its latest balance sheet, reaffirming its steadfast role within the Eurosystem. The balance sheet, featuring total assets and liabilities of €29.545 billion, underscores the institution’s stable financial posture at the close of January 2026.

Asset Allocation And Strategic Holdings

Governor Christodoulos Patsalides issued the balance sheet, which details the CBC’s asset composition under the Eurosystem framework. Notably, the bank’s gold and gold receivables amounted to €1.635 billion, providing a significant hedge and stability to its balance sheet. Additional asset categories include claims on non-euro area residents denominated in foreign currency at €1.099 billion, while claims on euro area residents in both foreign and domestic currency add further depth to its portfolio.

The most substantial asset category, intra-Eurosystem claims, reached €19.438 billion, an indication of the CBC’s deep integration with its European counterparts. Furthermore, euro-denominated securities held by euro area residents contributed €6.587 billion. Despite a marked emphasis on these areas, lending to euro area credit institutions in monetary policy operations recorded no activity during the period.

Liability Structure And Monetary Policy Implications

On the liabilities side, banknotes in circulation contributed €3.218 billion. Liabilities to euro area credit institutions associated with monetary policy operations were notably the largest single category, totaling €17.636 billion. Supplementary liabilities included those to other euro area residents, which aggregated to €4.989 billion, with government liabilities playing a predominant role at €4.754 billion.

Other liability items, such as claims related to special drawing rights allocated by the International Monetary Fund at €494.193 million, and provisions of €596.571 million, further articulate the CBC’s exposure. Revaluation accounts stood at €1.643 billion, and overall capital and reserves were confirmed at €333.822 million, completing the picture of a well-capitalized institution.

Conclusive Insights And Strategic Alignment

The detailed breakdown illustrates the CBC’s sizeable intra-Eurosystem exposures, reinforcing its central role within Europe’s monetary landscape. With an asset-liability balance maintained at €29.545 billion, the CBC’s financial position remains robust, indicating a commitment to structural stability and strategic risk management.

This fiscal disclosure not only provides transparency into the CBC’s operations but also serves as a benchmark for comparative analysis among other central banks within the Eurosystem, highlighting the intricate balance between asset liquidity, regulatory oversight, and monetary policy imperatives.

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