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Cyprus Sees 1.8% Population Growth In 2023, Statistical Data Reveal

The population in the Government-controlled areas of Cyprus reached an estimated 966,400 by the end of 2023, up from 949,100 in 2022, reflecting a 1.8% increase, according to demographic statistics published by the Statistical Service on Wednesday.

The data highlight the ageing of Cyprus’ population. In 2023, children under 15 years made up 15.3% of the population, while individuals aged 65 and over accounted for 17.7%. This is a notable shift from 2000 when children represented 22.3% and the elderly just 11.3%.

Birth Rates

Births in the Government-controlled areas saw a slight increase, reaching 10,241 in 2023, up from 10,187 the previous year, resulting in a crude birth rate of 10.7 per 1,000 people. However, the total fertility rate remained unchanged at 1.4, well below the replacement level of 2.1, and a significant decline from its local peak of 2.5 in 1982.

Women in Cyprus are having children later in life, with the average age at first birth rising to 30 years, and the mean age at childbirth, regardless of order, increasing to 31.5 years.

Mortality And Life Expectancy

Deaths in the Government-controlled areas dropped to 6,742 in 2023, compared to 7,307 in 2022, bringing the crude death rate down to 7 per 1,000 population from 7.8.

Life expectancy improved slightly, reaching 81 years for males and 85 years for females in 2023, compared to 80.2 and 83.9, respectively, in 2022. However, infant mortality rose from 3.3 to 4.5 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Migration Trends

Cyprus has maintained positive net migration since 2016. In 2023, net migration was estimated at 13,782. Long-term immigrants—both Cypriots and foreigners—totalled 40,761, compared to 37,558 in 2022. Conversely, the number of emigrants rose to 26,979, up from 21,118 the previous year.

Marriage And Divorce Statistics

The total number of marriages declined in 2023, falling to 11,766 from 13,350 in 2022. Ecclesiastical marriages saw a small drop, from 4,486 in 2022 to 4,355 in 2023. Civil marriages experienced a sharper decline, from 8,864 to 7,411, with only 2,076 involving residents of Cyprus.

The number of divorces, however, increased significantly, reaching 2,134 in 2023, up from 1,503 in 2022. The crude divorce rate rose to 2.23 per 1,000 people, while the total divorce rate—indicating the percentage of marriages expected to end in divorce—surged to 347.8 per 1,000 marriages, a dramatic increase from 41.6 per 1,000 in 1980.

Cyprus Holds Its Appeal For Investors Despite Energy And Financing Headwinds

Cyprus continues to stand out as one of Europe’s more resilient investment destinations. According to the latest EY Cyprus Attractiveness Survey 2026, 83 per cent of international investors still regard the island as attractive for foreign direct investment, even as concerns over energy costs, access to finance and bureaucracy persist.

Presented by Stelios Demetriou, EY Cyprus Head of Strategy and Transactions and M&A Leader for Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe & Central Asia, the report estimates Cyprus’ FDI stock at roughly €82 billion in 2025. Investment remains concentrated in financial services, real estate and information and communications technology.

Investor Confidence Remains Broadly Intact

The survey shows a market that continues to command credibility among global capital allocators. Of the respondents, 56 per cent described Cyprus as definitely attractive and another 27 per cent as fairly attractive. A further 13 per cent were neutral, while only 4 per cent considered the island unattractive.

The findings are based on responses from 80 foreign investors across 23 countries and 11 sectors. Senior executives and investment decision-makers took part, and around 92 per cent of respondents already have business operations in Cyprus.

That established presence is translating into stronger intent. Sixty-seven per cent of respondents said they plan either to enter the Cypriot market or expand existing operations, up from 57 per cent in 2024 and just 29 per cent in 2022.

Among companies already operating on the island, 62 per cent expect to expand over the next 12 months, while 29 per cent intend to maintain current activity levels. Half of those without an existing footprint said they are considering entry into the market.

Tax Still Anchors The Investment Proposition

Tax remains Cyprus’ most powerful competitive advantage. Ninety per cent of respondents rated the country’s corporate tax regime and broader tax framework as attractive. Quality of life followed at 82 per cent, while political and social stability scored 65 per cent.

Investor confidence in the local workforce was also notable, with 58 per cent citing skills as a strength. Nearly half, 49 per cent, pointed to the country’s growth prospects.

The emphasis on taxation carries added significance after Cyprus raised its corporate income tax rate from 12.5 per cent to 15 per cent at the start of 2026 as part of wider tax reform. The European Commission has noted that corporate income tax still plays an unusually large role in Cyprus’ public finances, accounting for about 20 per cent of tax revenues, more than twice the EU average.

Energy, Finance And Red Tape Remain The Pressure Points

For all the optimism, investors were clear about where Cyprus must improve to sustain momentum.

Energy costs were the most frequently cited weakness, mentioned by 50 per cent of respondents. Access to finance and capital followed at 38 per cent, while the bureaucratic and administrative environment was flagged by 35 per cent. Transport and logistics infrastructure was cited by 33 per cent, and the availability of investment opportunities by 31 per cent.

These concerns extend beyond the EY survey. The European Commission has also identified access to finance and the business environment as areas requiring further reform, while calling for faster progress on renewables, electricity grids and storage to ease energy costs.

Energy has become an even more important issue in 2026. The Commission expects Cyprus inflation to rise to 3.6 per cent next year, largely because of higher energy prices linked to the Middle East conflict, even as it forecasts economic growth of 2.3 per cent this year and 2.7 per cent in 2027.

Geopolitics Is Rising On The Risk Agenda

Geopolitical uncertainty is now firmly in investors’ line of sight. Seventy-four per cent of respondents identified geopolitical tensions and conflicts as a potential threat to Cyprus’ attractiveness over the next three years.

That concern ranked well ahead of low connectivity, adverse reputation and a heavier regulatory burden, each cited by 29 per cent. Tight labour market conditions followed at 27 per cent, while volatile energy prices and supply problems were noted by 26 per cent.

Beyond The Core Economy, New Growth Areas Are Emerging

Despite the risks, investors are looking beyond Cyprus’ traditional strengths. While 48 per cent said future investment would focus on the sale of products and services, 21 per cent identified research and development, and 19 per cent pointed to business support services. Continued interest in regional headquartering also signals the island’s evolving role as a corporate base for wider markets.

Looking ahead, 60 per cent of respondents expect Cyprus to become more attractive for FDI over the next three years, including 9 per cent who anticipate a significant improvement. Another 24 per cent expect little change, while 6 per cent foresee deterioration.

Real estate, infrastructure and construction were seen as the sectors most likely to drive longer-term growth, cited by 23 per cent of investors. Tourism and leisure, as well as ICT and telecommunications, followed at 14 per cent each, with payments and fintech at 11 per cent.

A Stronger Outlook Than The Wider European Market

Cyprus’ relative resilience comes at a time when Europe’s broader investment environment remains under pressure. EY recorded 5,026 foreign investment projects across Europe in 2025, down 7 per cent from the previous year. Even so, 60 per cent of businesses surveyed across Europe still expect the region’s attractiveness to improve over the next three years.

For Cyprus, the message is clear: the island retains powerful structural advantages, but preserving investor confidence will depend on reducing costs, improving financing conditions and cutting the friction that still slows business activity.

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