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Revenue Growth Driven By Taxes And Social Contributions

The increase reflected an additional €354.1 million in revenue over the period. Taxes on income and wealth provided one of the largest contributions, rising 7.7% to €2.19 billion from €2.03 billion and adding €157.5 million.

Social contributions also increased 7.5%, reaching €2.98 billion from €2.77 billion, an increase of €207.2 million. Revenue from taxes on production and imports rose 8.1% to €2.9 billion from €2.69 billion, with net VAT providing the largest increase. VAT revenue climbed 14.7% to €2.03 billion from €1.77 billion, up €259.5 million.

Several Revenue Lines Weaken

Other revenue categories declined during the period. Capital transfers fell €93.1 million to €19.6 million from €112.7 million a year earlier, while revenue from the sale of goods and services dropped 7.3% to €572.4 million.

Property income declined 29.4% to €79.9 million, and current transfers fell 24.7% to €172.8 million.

Expenditure Also Increased

Total government expenditure rose 4.4% to €8.14 billion from €7.8 billion a year earlier, an increase of €343.1 million, according to the Statistical Service of Cyprus (Cystat).

Intermediate consumption increased 11.7% to €873.3 million, while compensation of employees, including imputed social contributions and civil servants’ pensions, rose 3.3% to €2.31 billion. Social benefits increased 5.2% to €3.36 billion, interest payments rose 5.6% to €298.8 million, and current transfers increased 9.1% to €549.4 million.

Capital expenditure, by contrast, fell 5.6% to €698.8 million. Gross capital formation increased 2.1% to €519.1 million, but other capital expenditure dropped 22.4% to €179.7 million, while subsidies declined 13.7% to €55.6 million.

Surplus Driven By Social Security Funds

Social Security Funds accounted for almost all of the overall surplus, recording a €775.1 million surplus compared with €712 million a year earlier.

Central government, meanwhile, posted a €5 million deficit, reversing a €39.7 million surplus in the first seven months of 2025. Local government remained marginally positive, but its surplus narrowed to €0.5 million from €7.9 million.

Europe’s Busiest Ports Show The Scale Of Maritime Trade

Maritime transport carried roughly 13 billion tonnes of goods worldwide in 2024, highlighting its central role in global trade and supply chains. EU ports handled about 3.4 billion tonnes, or 26% of the global total, while nearly 90% of the bloc’s external freight trade is carried by sea.

Rotterdam And Antwerp-Bruges Lead The EU

Rotterdam was the EU’s busiest port in 2024, handling 397.3 million tonnes of goods. Antwerp-Bruges ranked second with 243.7 million tonnes, putting the two northern European hubs well ahead of the rest.

Hamburg ranked third at 97 million tonnes, followed by Spain’s Algeciras at 81.5 million tonnes and Amsterdam at 78.8 million tonnes. France’s HAROPA port complex, covering Le Havre and Rouen, handled 76.6 million tonnes, while Gdansk recorded 71 million tonnes.

Marseille and Valencia followed with 66 million and 64.5 million tonnes, respectively. Romania’s Constanta completed the top 10 at 57.6 million tonnes, reflecting the Black Sea’s role in Europe’s wider trade network.

Europe’s Second Tier Of Major Ports

Several ports handled between 40 million and 56 million tonnes in 2024. Barcelona recorded 55.5 million tonnes, followed by Trieste at 53.5 million, Genoa at 47.4 million and Sines at 44.1 million.

Piraeus handled 43.7 million tonnes, while Germany’s Bremerhaven recorded 42.5 million. Sweden’s Göteborg handled 38.5 million tonnes and Dunkerque in France 36.8 million.

Netherlands Leads By National Port Volume

Looking at total cargo across each country’s ports, the Netherlands ranked first with 538.1 million tonnes in 2024. Italy followed with 488.6 million tonnes and Spain with 486 million tonnes, putting all three well ahead of the rest of the EU.

Belgium ranked fourth at 274.9 million tonnes, followed by Germany at 273.9 million and France at 269.8 million. Greece, Sweden and Poland each handled more than 100 million tonnes, showing the breadth of Europe’s maritime network.

Turkey Expands The Regional Picture

Including EU candidate countries and EFTA members puts Turkey in second place with 524.7 million tonnes, behind the Netherlands. Norway ranked eighth with 212.1 million tonnes and handled 212.1 million tonnes.

The European Commission has described maritime transport as a long-standing driver of European economic development. Its role now extends beyond moving cargo, with ports increasingly tied to supply chains, energy security and industrial policy.

In March 2026, the Commission adopted two strategies focused on competitiveness, sustainability, security and resilience across the EU’s waterborne sector, including ports, shipping and shipbuilding.

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