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Cyprus Keeps Budget On Track As Tax Revenue Grows

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Cyprus collected and spent €5.43 billion by the end of July 2026, keeping state revenue and expenditure at the same absolute level halfway through the budget year. Revenue had reached 50% of the annual target, compared with 47% for expenditure.

Compared with the first seven months of 2025, both revenue and spending increased by €260 million. Stronger tax receipts were the main reason for the rise in revenue, while higher operating costs, transfers, grants and social benefits pushed expenditure up.

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Tax Receipts Provide A Major Boost

VAT collections rose by €200 million year-on-year to €1.98 billion, while direct tax revenue increased by €150 million to €1.95 billion. Income tax paid by companies and individuals accounted for most of the increase in direct taxation.

The stronger tax performance has helped the government accommodate higher spending without creating a significant deterioration in the mid-year budget position.

Social Spending And Transfers Rise

The increase in expenditure was not driven by public sector salaries and pensions, which remained broadly unchanged at €1.90 billion.

Instead, social benefits reached €1.13 billion, up €70 million from a year earlier, with additional spending directed towards healthcare, education, housing and welfare. Transfers and grants also increased by €80 million to €1.13 billion.

Operating costs climbed by €120 million to €530 million, partly reflecting higher spending on defence and policing, as well as consultancy and research services.

Development Spending Moves Faster

Capital expenditure reached €165.7 million by July, with 32% of the development budget executed compared with a 28% average for the same period over the past decade.

Major allocations included roads, construction projects, government and school buildings, equipment, and water and sewerage infrastructure.

EU-backed programmes are also supporting areas such as home energy upgrades, sustainable transport, electric mobility, digital transformation and skills development.

Debt Repayments Surge

One of the biggest changes came from public debt transactions. Government borrowing inflows reached €1.31 billion, while loan repayments and related outflows exceeded €2.1 billion.

Foreign debt repayments accounted for €2.06 billion, compared with just €60 million during the same period in 2025. Despite the much larger repayments, financing costs remained broadly stable at around €430 million.

A Balanced Mid-Year Picture

Overall, Cyprus’s public finances remain broadly on track. Rising VAT and income tax receipts are supporting higher social, operational and development spending, while the public-sector wage bill remains relatively stable.

The headline €5.43 billion balance between revenue and expenditure therefore tells only part of the story: beneath it, tax collection is strengthening, investment spending is progressing faster than usual, and debt-related cash flows have increased sharply.

The Future Forbes Realty Global Properties

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.