Cyprus Cuts Debt Ratio To 54.6% In First Quarter Of 2026 As EU Borrowing Rises

Cyprus recorded one of the largest annual reductions in government debt across the European Union in the first quarter of 2026, even as debt ratios increased across both the euro area and the bloc, according to Eurostat data released on Tuesday.

The country’s general government gross debt stood at 54.6% of gross domestic product at the end of March, down from 55% in the previous quarter and 62% a year earlier. In absolute terms, government debt edged up slightly to €20.09 billion from €20.08 billion at the end of 2025.

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One Of The EU’s Largest Annual Declines

Cyprus’ debt-to-GDP ratio fell by 7.4 percentage points compared with the first quarter of 2025, marking the second-largest annual decline in the EU behind Greece, where the ratio dropped by 9.4 percentage points.

Debt Ratios Rise Across Europe

The euro area debt ratio increased to 88.9% of GDP at the end of the first quarter from 87.7% in the previous three months, while the EU ratio rose to 82.9% from 81.8%.

Compared with a year earlier, debt levels also increased across both regions, rising from 87.2% to 88.9% in the euro area and from 81.4% to 82.9% across the EU.

Debt Composition

Debt securities remained the largest source of government borrowing, accounting for 84.3% of total debt in the euro area and 83.6% in the EU. Loans represented 13.2% and 13.9%, respectively, while currency and deposits accounted for 2.5% in both regions.

Highest And Lowest Debt Levels

Greece continued to record the highest debt-to-GDP ratio in the EU at 143.5%, followed by Italy (138.9%), France (117.6%), Belgium (109.1%) and Spain (101.6%).

Estonia had the lowest ratio at 25.2%, ahead of Denmark (26.8%), Bulgaria (28.5%) and Luxembourg (29.2%).

Quarterly And Annual Changes

Compared with the final quarter of 2025, debt ratios increased in 17 EU member states and declined in eight. The largest quarterly increases were recorded in Hungary, Lithuania and Luxembourg, while Greece posted the biggest decline, followed by Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Slovenia.

On an annual basis, 19 member states reported higher debt ratios than a year earlier, while eight recorded declines. Finland, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and France saw the largest increases.

Cyprus posted the EU’s second-largest annual reduction in government debt relative to GDP, behind only Greece.

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Cyprus Ranks Among The EU’s Fastest-Growing Populations In 2025

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

July 22, 2026

Cyprus Emerges As A Demographic Outlier In Europe

Cyprus recorded one of the fastest-growing populations in the European Union in 2025, according to the latest Eurostat data. With population growth of 13.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, the island ranked second among the bloc’s 27 member states, behind only Malta (24.1) and ahead of Luxembourg (13.1).

The figures set Cyprus apart at a time when much of Europe is facing ageing populations, declining birth rates and mounting labour shortages.

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A Different Demographic Story

Population growth across the EU remained modest in 2025, increasing by just 1.6 per 1,000 people. The picture, however, was far from uniform. Sixteen member states recorded population gains, while eleven experienced declines.

Malta, Cyprus and Luxembourg posted the strongest growth rates, while Latvia (-8.3), Estonia (-6.8) and Hungary (-5.4) recorded the steepest population losses.

As of January 1, 2026, Cyprus had a population of 996,600. While one of the EU’s smallest member states, it continues to outperform many larger economies on demographic growth.

Growth Driven By Births And Migration

Cyprus stands out because its population is expanding through both natural increase and migration, a combination that has become increasingly uncommon across Europe.

The country was one of only six EU member states where births exceeded deaths in 2025, joining Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta and Sweden. Across the EU as a whole, the opposite was true: 4.81 million deaths were recorded against 3.46 million births, leaving the bloc with a natural population decline of roughly 1.35 million people.

Migration more than compensated for that shortfall. Net migration added around 2.05 million people across the EU in 2025, reinforcing its role as the bloc’s primary source of population growth.

Cyprus ranked among the strongest performers here as well. Net migration reached 11.3 people per 1,000 inhabitants, trailing only Malta (23.9) and Spain (11.8).

Why The Numbers Matter

Demographic trends increasingly shape economic performance. Population growth influences labour supply, consumer demand and the long-term sustainability of pension systems and public finances.

For most European countries, migration has become essential to offset declining birth rates. Cyprus is unusual because it combines strong inward migration with positive natural population growth, giving it a demographic profile that few EU members currently share.

Whether that advantage translates into stronger long-term economic performance will depend on how effectively the country integrates new residents, expands its workforce and converts population growth into higher productivity.

As Europe searches for ways to sustain growth despite an ageing population, Cyprus offers an early example of how demographic resilience can become an economic advantage.

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