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Cyprus Ranks Near The Top In EU Support For Fighting Tax Evasion

Cypriots are among the European Union’s strongest supporters of tougher action against tax evasion and avoidance, with 64% saying it should be the bloc’s top tax priority.

According to the European Commission’s annual report published last week, Cyprus ranked second only to France, where 65% of respondents prioritised tackling tax evasion. Portugal followed at 61%, while Finland recorded 60%.

Tax Evasion Tops EU Priorities

Across the EU, 54% of respondents said combating tax avoidance and evasion should be the Union’s main tax policy objective.

Preventing double taxation between member states ranked second at 26%, followed by resolving cross-border tax disputes (23%), supporting the green transition through taxation (19%) and further digitalising tax and customs procedures (16%).

Estonia was the only member state where preventing double taxation ranked ahead of tackling tax evasion.

Billions Lost To Tax Gaps

The survey comes as the European Commission estimates the EU’s VAT compliance gap reached €128 billion in 2023, representing the difference between expected VAT revenues and the amount actually collected.

The Commission also estimated that the average corporate income tax compliance gap across 23 member states amounted to 10.9% of corporate tax revenues.

It said stronger data collection, digital reporting, artificial intelligence and closer cooperation between national tax authorities could help reduce those losses.

Cyprus’ Tax Profile

EU governments collected €7.1 trillion in tax revenues in 2024, with the overall tax-to-GDP ratio rising to 39.4%. Cyprus recorded a lower ratio of 36.3%, up slightly from 36.2% in 2023.

Corporate taxation continues to play a significant role in Cyprus, accounting for 19% of total tax revenue in 2024, the third-highest share in the EU after Ireland and Malta.

The report also noted Cyprus’ decision to increase its corporate tax rate from 12.5% to 15% in line with the global minimum tax framework. It highlighted additional measures aimed at tackling aggressive tax planning, including a 17% withholding tax on certain payments to companies in jurisdictions listed by the EU as non-cooperative and a new corporate residency test based on incorporation.

Filing Tax Returns

Across the EU, 52% of respondents described filing their tax returns as easy, while 22% found the process difficult.

In Cyprus, 51% said filing was easy, although 12% relied on an accountant or other tax professional. More than 15% of respondents in Cyprus, Germany and Ireland also described the support provided by their tax authorities as “very inadequate”.

Cyprus Company Registration: Two To Four Days, Unless Security Checks Intervene

Cyprus aims to register companies within two to four working days when applicants submit complete documentation. However, regulatory approvals, sanctions checks, foreign ownership and national security considerations can extend the process or prevent registration.

Energy, Commerce and Industry Minister Michael Damianou outlined the timeframe in a written response to MP Efrem Christou, who asked about company formation procedures and the checks required before approval.

Fast Registration Depends On Complete Documentation

Damianou said authorities seek to process complete applications within two to four working days, regardless of a company’s structural complexity. The timeframe also depends on whether applicants pay an additional fee for expedited processing.

According to the official incorporation requirements, the standard registration fee is €165, rising to €235 for companies without share capital. Expedited processing costs an additional €100.

Applicants must submit an approved company name, a memorandum and articles of association, and forms HE1, HE2 and HE3. Public companies must also provide form HE5.

Regulated Businesses Require Additional Approval

Companies operating in certain sectors must obtain prior clearance from the relevant authorities or professional bodies. These include medical and dental businesses, law firms, insurance and reinsurance companies, and firms supervised by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Central Bank of Cyprus must also approve company names associated with payment institutions, electronic money and foreign exchange services. Additional restrictions apply to educational institutions using terms such as “university” or “college”, casino operators, broadcasters and wine producers.

Non-profit organisations seeking to register without “Limited” or “Ltd” in their names also require ministerial authorisation.

Sanctions And Foreign Ownership Trigger Extra Checks

Applications involving shareholders, directors or company secretaries subject to EU, UN or US sanctions receive additional scrutiny. Registration can proceed only if the competent sanctions authority does not prohibit it. Damianou noted that US sanctions are considered indirectly but have not been incorporated into Cyprus legislation in the same way as EU and UN restrictions.

Applications involving Turkish interests are also subject to additional review. Under procedures introduced around 20 years ago, the registrar must consult national security services before proceeding with registrations involving Turkish interests or businesses that could threaten the Republic’s security.

Damianou distinguished these cases from applications submitted by Turkish Cypriots, saying there is “no substantial difference” in how their registration documents are examined. Applications may nevertheless be refused if classified information raises concerns about national interests or national security.

Public Servants Face Separate Restrictions

Under Article 65 of the public service law, government employees cannot act as directors, company secretaries or shareholders in private or public companies without prior special permission from the finance minister.

Proposed Law Would Expand Registrar’s Powers

The government is also seeking to strengthen the Registrar of Companies’ authority to address potential security risks. An amendment to the companies law, submitted to Parliament on September 17, would allow the registrar to reject applications, refuse company filings or remove existing businesses from the register on grounds including national security, public order, public interest and the protection of state sovereignty.

The proposal, approved by the Council of Ministers on August 6, remains before the House commerce committee. It would allow authorities to withhold detailed justifications where disclosure could reveal sensitive information, while informing affected companies of the general grounds for decisions.

The bill follows parliamentary discussions about companies controlled by non-EU nationals, particularly those with Turkish ultimate beneficial owners, and possible implications for property ownership through foreign-controlled businesses. Further details are available in the proposed amendment and earlier parliamentary reporting.

Balancing Investment And Oversight

Cyprus is seeking to maintain an efficient company registration process while strengthening checks on ownership, sanctions compliance and potential security risks.

The two-to-four-day target supports the country’s appeal to entrepreneurs and international investors, but the actual timeline depends on the nature of the business, the documentation submitted and any additional regulatory or security reviews required.

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