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Apple’s Memory Squeeze: Strategic Challenges Amid Soaring AI Demand

During a period of strong earnings across the technology sector, rising memory costs have become a recurring theme for major companies.

Apple CEO Tim Cook said during the second-quarter earnings call that memory costs are expected to have an increasing impact on the business, pointing to supply constraints alongside growing demand linked to artificial intelligence infrastructure.

Memory Constraints Drive Strategic Recalibration

Apple reported revenue above expectations and provided positive guidance, while also highlighting pressure from supply limitations. Cook noted that the impact was limited in the December quarter but became more visible in the March period. For the June quarter, he indicated that some Mac models may be affected due to sustained demand, adding that the company is considering a range of options in response to cost increases.

Similar dynamics have been reported by other companies. Meta and Microsoft both cited higher memory costs as a factor in rising capital expenditure plans. Amy Hood said memory-related costs could account for $25 billion within the company’s projected $190 billion capital expenditure plan for 2026.

Industry-Wide Supply Pressures

Demand for high-performance chips continues to increase, particularly for AI applications, where memory requirements are higher. Companies such as Nvidia are producing chips that require larger memory capacity, while suppliers including Micron Technology, Samsung Electronics, and SK Hynix are expanding output. At the same time, allocation of memory to data centres and AI infrastructure is affecting availability for consumer devices, including PCs and smartphones.

Strategic Options Amid Rising Costs

Analysts are assessing how companies may respond to rising costs. William Kerwin suggested that longer-term supply agreements could help stabilise pricing, while other approaches may include adjustments to product configurations, selective price changes, or absorbing part of the cost within margins. Additional commentary from Laura Martin and Gil Luria points to broader industry adjustments as companies respond to supply constraints.

Outlook: Managing Supply And Demand Pressures

Apple has so far avoided immediate price increases, including in recent product updates such as the iPhone lineup, iPad models, and Mac devices. At the same time, memory availability and pricing remain key factors for upcoming quarters, as companies balance demand for AI infrastructure with supply conditions across the semiconductor market.

Conclusion

Developments around memory supply and pricing are becoming a central factor in how technology companies plan production, investment, and pricing. These dynamics are reflected across earnings reports and are likely to remain part of industry discussions as demand for AI-related infrastructure continues to grow.

Women Make Up A Majority Of The EU’s Science And Technology Workforce But The Real Gap Is Elsewhere

Women now make up the majority of the EU’s science and technology workforce. According to Eurostat, in 2025, more than 81.6 million people aged 15 to 74 were employed in science and technology occupations across the EU. Of those, 52.5% were women, equal to 42.8 million women. The number of women in these occupations rose by 27.9% compared with 2015, an increase of more than 9.3 million over a decade.

On the surface, the numbers resemble progress. However, Eurostat’s category requires context before that figure can be read accurately. The data refers to HRST, or Human Resources in Science and Technology, specifically people employed in science and technology occupations. These are roles where the main tasks require professional or technical knowledge in physical and life sciences, but also in social sciences and humanities. That definition is wider and broader than engineering, ICT, laboratory science, or high-tech research alone.

Zooming In

The gender picture changes once the data moves from a wider definition of the workforce to the narrower scientist-and-engineer (research and manufacturing) subgroup.

Scientists and engineers represented almost a quarter of all people employed in science and technology in the EU in 2025. Eurostat describes scientists and engineers as often being the innovators at the centre of technology-led development, making them an important subgroup to focus on separately.

Women accounted for only 40.8% of scientists and engineers in 2025, despite making up more than half of the wider category. That share has increased by a mere 0.5 percentage points over the past decade. The absolute number of women working as scientists and engineers rose from 5.3 million in 2015 to 8.2 million in 2025, despite the push from national and international organisations to increase the number of women in the field. Europe has expanded the number of women in science and technology occupations over ten years. However, that expansion has not extended equally into the scientist-and-engineer subgroup, where much of Europe’s research and innovation work is conducted.

In 2025, of the 39.4 million women aged 25 to 64 working in science and technology occupations in the EU, 35.5 million worked in service activities. Only 2.7 million worked in manufacturing. Women accounted for 57.5% of science and technology employment in services, but only 31.3% in manufacturing.

In 2025, the highest shares of women employed in science and technology occupations were recorded in Latvia at 62.4%, followed by Hungary’s Great Plain and North region at 61.1%, Estonia at 60.5%, Poland’s Central macroregion at 60.4%, and Lithuania at 60.3%. No EU country recorded a majority of women among science and technology workers in manufacturing.

Break-down

Eurostat’s figures measure employment in broad science and technology occupations. They do not show job security, pay levels, management roles, promotion rates, research leadership, or whether women are concentrated in junior or senior workplace positions.

The classification of “senior” also requires additional explanation. Eurostat reports that 45.9% of science and technology workers aged 25 to 64 in the EU were classified as “senior” HRST in 2025. In this dataset, “senior” refers to workers aged 45 to 64. It does not mean senior manager, senior researcher, team lead, or decision-maker.

A high female share in the wider Human Resource Science and Technology (HRST) category does not parallel equal representation across scientists, engineers, manufacturing roles, senior posts, pay, research funding, or decision-making. These figures also reflect the occupational mix inside each country or region, not only structural progress across all areas of science and technology.

The Case Of Cyprus

Eurostat data places Cyprus’s overall science and technology employment at 37.2% of the labour force in 2025, slightly above the EU-27 figure of 36.9%, and above Greece at 26.8%, Malta at 33.9%, and Turkey at 18.2%. This figure covers the total share of the labour force employed in science and technology across all genders.

Progress Or Work-in-Progress?

52.5% in the broad category. 40.8% among scientists and engineers. 31.3% in manufacturing. Europe’s gender gap in science and technology hasn’t closed yet, and there is still work to be done to encourage and support more women to enter the field, especially in research and manufacturing.

Let’s not wait another decade for another couple of percentage points of hope.

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