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Bank Of Cyprus Strengthens Capital Position With Robust 2025 Disclosures

Bank of Cyprus released its 2025 Pillar 3 disclosures, outlining its risk profile, financial performance, and strategic direction as of December 31, 2025. A balanced approach between growth and regulatory compliance is reflected in the reported financial metrics.

Financial Performance And Growth

In 2025, the bank reported a return on tangible equity of 18.6% and earnings per share of €1.10. Growth in deposits and lending supported net interest income despite a low-interest-rate environment. Strong cost discipline and a focus on asset quality contributed to a 6% increase in tangible book value per share, reaching €6.10.

Capital Efficiency And Revenue Diversification

Efforts to diversify revenue beyond traditional banking remain a strategic priority. Key initiatives include high-quality lending, expansion in insurance services, and the development of digital products. Such measures are designed to improve capital efficiency, strengthen market positioning, and support long-term shareholder returns.

Asset Quality, Liquidity, And Capital Strength

Asset quality improved significantly during the year. Non-performing exposures declined from €202 million in 2024 to €127 million in 2025, reducing the ratio from 2.0% to 1.2% of gross loans. Enhanced provisioning increased coverage to 139%, up from 82% a year earlier. Liquidity indicators remained well above regulatory requirements, with the liquidity coverage ratio rising to 321% and the net stable funding ratio to 171%. Further improvement in the common equity tier 1 ratio was supported in part by the implementation of CRR III.

Strategic Risk Management And Future Outlook

Risk management is guided by an integrated framework covering credit, market, liquidity, operational, and emerging risks, including cybersecurity and climate-related factors. Governance structures ensure alignment between risk appetite and business strategy. Forward-looking guidance highlights continued focus on capital strength, profitability, and sustainable growth, while acknowledging uncertainty related to economic, regulatory, and geopolitical developments.

Outlook

Findings from the 2025 disclosures point to stable financial performance supported by improved asset quality and strong capital positions. Ongoing investment in digital capabilities, including artificial intelligence, is expected to play an increasing role in shaping operational strategy.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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