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CySEC Chairman Outlines Transformative Reforms Set To Redefine Capital Markets In 2026

European And Cypriot Markets Embrace A New Era

CySEC chairman George Theocharides has announced that sweeping regulatory reforms will redefine Cyprus and European capital markets in 2026. With enhanced transparency, stronger investor protection, and improved digital resilience, the industry is poised for a significant transition as revised frameworks come into effect.

Regulatory Revisions Reshaping Financial Landscapes

In a detailed statement, Theocharides highlighted that the overhaul of key regulations—including MiFID II and MiFIR, AIFMD II and UCITS, as well as the emerging MiCA and DORA directives—marks a crucial step towards simplifying rules and limiting conflicts of interest. According to him, the focus over 2025 and 2026 will shift from intensive rulemaking to robust implementation and evaluation, thereby ushering in a mature regulatory environment.

Enhanced Supervisory Measures And Investor Protection

Under the new framework, investment firms can expect greater clarity on investment costs and more stringent obligations for providers of investment advice. Domestically, the restructuring of Cyprus’ investment services sector continues apace, with growth reflected in both firm numbers and asset consolidation. CySEC plans to intensify supervisory inspections in 2026, especially in relation to client interactions, reinforcing the authority’s commitment to market integrity.

Shifting Dynamics In Collective Investments And Digital Finance

In the realm of collective investments, the revised AIFMD II framework along with amendments to align UCITS are set to introduce stricter liquidity management rules and safeguard investor interests amid market stress. Despite a reduction in the number of management companies, asset inflows continue to increase, underscoring a move towards a more stable investment environment.

Digital finance also features prominently in the new regulatory landscape. With the full implementation of the MiCA regulation in 2025, a unified EU framework for crypto-asset services has been established, aiming to bolster trust without curbing innovation. In parallel, the DORA regulation underscores the importance of digital operational resilience, with CySEC already evaluating new applicants against these standards.

Enhanced European Collaboration And Market Evolution

Theocharides further emphasized the role of the European Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA), which began coordinating national supervisory efforts in mid-2025. With plans for AMLA to assume direct supervisory powers starting in 2028, the European framework is set to benefit from unified standards and advanced technological solutions such as real-time beneficial owner verification and automated transaction monitoring.

Privatisation And The Future Of The Cyprus Stock Exchange

Looking forward, the privatisation of the Cyprus Stock Exchange is anticipated to be a pivotal development in 2026. With the relevant legislative bill under review, the initiative is expected to attract strategic investors and further consolidate the exchange as a viable alternative for corporate financing, thereby enhancing its role in the regional capital markets.

A Stable Foundation For Growth

In concluding his remarks, Theocharides asserted that the confluence of new European rules, improved transparency, and CySEC’s rigorous supervisory measures is set to cultivate a stable and secure investment environment. He expressed confidence that these changes will underpin further growth in the Cypriot capital market, ultimately strengthening the broader economy.

Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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