The New York Times Sues AI Startup Perplexity Over Copyright Infringement

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

December 5, 2025

Legal Showdown in the Digital Age

The New York Times has taken decisive legal action against AI search startup Perplexity, accusing the firm of copyright infringement. The suit, filed on Friday, marks the second legal challenge targeting an AI organization, joining similar efforts led by media powerhouses such as the Chicago Tribune and others.

Unlicensed Content and Commercial Products

The Times contends that Perplexity has exploited its copyrighted content by substituting original material in its commercial offerings—without permission or proper remuneration. According to the legal filing, the startup’s reliance on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques, which gather and repackage information from websites and databases, results in outputs that closely mirror the original texts.

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Negotiations, Licensing, And Industry Leverage

This litigation emerges amidst ongoing negotiations between media companies and AI firms. While some publishers, including The New York Times, have engaged in licensing agreements—such as the multi-year deal with Amazon—publishers are increasingly using lawsuits as leverage. They aim to force AI companies to enter formal licensing agreements that fairly compensate creators and preserve the economic sustainability of quality journalism.

Countermeasures and Industry Precedents

In response to mounting compensation demands, Perplexity introduced a Publishers’ Program last year. This initiative offers ad revenue sharing to prominent publications like Gannett, TIME, Fortune, and the Los Angeles Times. More recently, the company launched Comet Plus—allocating 80% of its monthly fee to participating publishers—and secured a significant multi-year licensing deal with Getty Images. Despite these measures, critics argue that platforms like Perplexity continue to undermine the value of original, paywalled journalism.

Industry Responses and Historic Battles

Graham James, a spokesperson for The New York Times, asserted, “While we believe in the ethical and responsible use of AI, we firmly object to Perplexity’s unlicensed use of our content. RAG allows Perplexity to crawl the internet and steal content from behind our paywall, which should remain exclusive to our subscribers.” Perplexity’s head of communications, Jesse Dwyer, responded by noting that legal challenges against disruptive technology have a longstanding history, from radio and television to the internet and social media.

Implications For The Future Of Copyright And AI

This lawsuit, following past legal actions against companies such as OpenAI and its backer Microsoft, underscores the escalating tension between traditional publishers and tech innovators. Court decisions—like the recent case against Anthropic for using pirated texts—suggest that the legal framework around fair use and content training may evolve significantly as AI technology pushes boundaries.

A Pivotal Moment In Media And Technology

By holding Perplexity accountable for its commercial practices, The New York Times seeks not only to recoup damages but also to set a precedent that ensures content creators receive due compensation. This legal maneuver is emblematic of a broader strategy by legacy publishers to secure the economic viability of their work in an era increasingly dominated by automated, AI-driven content generation.

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Cyprus Income Distribution 2024: An In-Depth Breakdown of Economic Classes

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

December 24, 2025

New findings from the Cyprus Statistical Service offer a comprehensive analysis of the nation’s income stratification in 2024. The report, titled Population By Income Class, provides critical insights into the proportions of the population that fall within the middle, upper, and lower income brackets, as well as those at risk of poverty.

Income Distribution Overview

The data for 2024 show that 64.6% of the population falls within the middle income class – a modest increase from 63% in 2011. However, it is noteworthy that the range for this class begins at a comparatively low threshold of €15,501. Meanwhile, 27.8% of the population continues to reside in the lower income bracket (a figure largely unchanged from 27.7% in 2011), with nearly 14.6% of these individuals identified as at risk of poverty. The upper income class accounted for 7.6% of the population, a slight decline from 9.1% in 2011.

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Income Brackets And Their Thresholds

According to the report, the median equivalent disposable national income reached €20,666 in 2024. The upper limit of the lower income class was established at €15,500, and the threshold for poverty risk was set at €12,400. The middle income category spans from €15,501 to €41,332, while any household earning over €41,333 is classified in the upper income class. The median equivalents for each group were reported at €12,271 for the lower, €23,517 for the middle, and €51,316 for the upper income classes.

Methodological Insights And Comparative Findings

Employing the methodology recommended by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the report defines the middle income class as households earning between 75% and 200% of the national median income. In contrast, incomes exceeding 200% of the median classify households as upper income, while those earning below 75% fall into the lower income category.

Detailed Findings Across Income Segments

Upper Income Class: Comprising 73,055 individuals (7.6% of the population), this group had a median equivalent disposable income of €51,136. Notably, the share of individuals in this category has contracted since 2011.
Upper Middle Income Segment: This subgroup includes 112,694 people (11.7% of the population) with a median income of €34,961. Combined with the upper income class, they represent 185,749 individuals.
Middle Income Group: Encompassing 30.3% of the population (approximately 294,624 individuals), this segment reports a median disposable income of €24,975.
Lower Middle And Lower Income Classes: The lower middle income category includes 22.2% of the population (211,768 individuals) with a median income of €17,800, while the lower income class accounts for 27.8% (267,557 individuals) with a median income of €12,271.

Payment Behaviors And Economic Implications

The report also examines how income levels influence repayment behavior for primary residence loans or rental payments. Historically, households in the lower income class have experienced the greatest delays. In 2024, 27.0% of those in the lower income bracket were late on payments—a significant improvement from 34.6% in 2011. For the middle income class, late payments were observed in 9.9% of cases, down from 21.4% in 2011. Among the upper income class, only 3% experienced delays, compared to 9.9% previously.

This detailed analysis underscores shifts in income distribution and repayment behavior across Cyprus, reflecting broader economic trends that are critical for policymakers and investors to consider as they navigate the evolving financial landscape.

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