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Fiscal Council Chief Warns Of Hidden Risks Amid Sustained Economic Growth

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

November 10, 2025

Cyprus is currently experiencing a period of robust economic expansion and fiscal balance. Fiscal Council President Michalis Persianis highlighted in the 2024 activity report that the nation is poised to maintain growth around 3 percent, driven by widespread sectoral contributions. State revenues are climbing steadily, even outperforming forecasts adjusted for inflation and general expansion.

Emerging Risks In A Period Of Prosperity

Despite these favorable conditions, Persianis warned that apparent stability could be masking significant long-term risks. He noted that while employment indicators remain strong, a further drop in unemployment could serve as an early warning signal rather than a celebratory milestone. The sustained zero inflation during this high-growth phase exemplifies both the nation’s resilience and the subtle challenges that accompany prosperous times.

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Preparing Fiscal Space And Strategic Flexibility

Central to the Fiscal Council’s mandate is managing the nation’s debt trajectory, which remains on a downward path with a target of falling below 60 percent of GDP by 2025. According to Persianis, one of the Council’s key objectives is to preserve sufficient fiscal space. This flexibility is essential for governments to implement decisive measures when economic conditions require fiscal intervention. He emphasized that the current inflexibility in state expenditures—particularly indiscriminate social spending—limits available policy options and can entrench pro-cyclical dynamics.

Infrastructure, Climate, And Strategic Institutional Upgrades

Persianis underscored the urgent need to address structural weaknesses in vital infrastructures such as water supply, public transport, and energy. Challenges posed by climate change, which has transitioned from a theoretical scenario to a tangible reality, demand significant investment and forward-thinking strategies. His analysis also pointed to external uncertainties—from geopolitical turmoil to rapid technological advancements—that could reshape fiscal dynamics in coming years.

Long-Term Vision And Institutional Readiness

The Fiscal Council’s report calls for proactive, medium- to long-term strategies to safeguard Cyprus from future crises. While current surpluses offer a window of opportunity, Persianis reminded decision makers that easy times can mask the risks of complacency. He stressed the importance of enhanced analytical capacity and strategic planning within the Council to provide decisive guidance as external pressures intensify.

Upcoming Initiatives And Regional Cooperation

Looking forward, the Fiscal Council is organizing a thematic conference under the auspices of the European Network of Independent Fiscal Institutions (EU NIFI) in early 2026. This event, set against the backdrop of Cyprus’s forthcoming Presidency of the European Commission, underscores the critical role of institutional collaboration for broader fiscal reform and policy coordination across the European Union.

In summary, while Cyprus currently enjoys impressive economic health, the Fiscal Council’s leadership warns that significant challenges lie ahead. The nation’s ability to maintain fiscal discipline and implement strategic reforms will be pivotal in navigating the evolving global and domestic landscapes.

The Future Forbes Realty Global Properties

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.