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European Rail Passenger Traffic Reaches Record Levels In 2024

Rail transport in the European Union achieved a historic milestone in 2024 as passenger travel reached an all‐time high. Eurostat reports that 443 billion passenger-kilometres were recorded, a notable 5.8% increase from 419 billion in 2023. This performance marks the peak since systematic data collection began in 2004, underscoring the robustness of rail travel in the EU market.

Country Performance And Market Leaders

Germany led the continent with 2,904 million passengers carried, outpacing France’s 1,320 million and Italy’s 843 million. In contrast, Lithuania, Estonia, and Greece recorded the lowest volumes, with figures of 5 million, 8 million, and 14 million passengers respectively. These disparities highlight the varying scales of rail infrastructure and market demand across member states.

Accelerated Growth In Strategic Markets

Highlighting a dynamic shift in regional transit, Hungary experienced an exceptional 60.0% growth in passenger numbers versus 2023. Adjacent markets such as Latvia and Ireland followed with increases of 13.9% and 10.0% respectively. Conversely, Romania and Bulgaria saw modest declines, with decreases of 4.9% and 3.1%, reflecting differing national transportation dynamics.

Passenger Ratios And Capacity Challenges

When adjusted for population, Luxembourg led with a striking ratio of 32.8 passengers per capita, followed closely by Denmark at 31.0 and Germany at 30.0. The lowest passenger-to-population ratios were observed in Greece and Lithuania at 1.5, with Bulgaria and Romania at 3.6, indicating capacity and infrastructure challenges in these regions.

Freight Transport: A Slight Downturn

In stark contrast to passenger travel, EU rail freight transport witnessed a marginal decline. Total freight performance reached 375 billion tonne-kilometres—a 0.8% reduction from 378 billion in 2023. This slight decrease reflects shifting logistics dynamics despite persistent demand in goods movement across the region.

Leading Freight Contributors And Cargo Profiles

Germany again proved its dominance in rail transport, contributing 126,320 million tonne-kilometres, followed by Poland at 56,713 million and France at 32,249 million. Smaller markets, including Ireland, Luxembourg, Greece, and Estonia, each recorded less than 1,000 million tonne-kilometres. The data further reveals that metal ores (12.2%), coke and refined petroleum products (10.1%), and basic metals and fabricated metal products (8.9%) were the primary goods transported by rail, emphasizing the sector’s critical role in industrial logistics.

EU Mercosur Agreement Sparks Political Battle Over Cyprus Agriculture

A political battleground emerged in the Parliamentary Agriculture Committee’s latest session, as fierce debates broke out over the controversial trade deal between the European Union and Latin American nations under the Mercosur framework. Lawmakers voiced deep concerns regarding food safety and the prospects for local agriculture, particularly following the high-profile absence of the Minister of Trade.

Minister Absence And Parliamentary Integrity

Committee Chair Giannakis Gabriel expressed strong disapproval over the Minister’s no-show, noting that the extraordinary session was scheduled at midday at the Minister’s own request. “His absence undermines the authority of the parliament,” Mr. Gabriel declared. Given that the Minister is not abroad, it was expected that he would be present to clarify why Cyprus supported an agreement widely criticized as disadvantaging the agricultural sector.

Trade Deal Under Scrutiny

In his address, A.C.E.L General Secretary Stefanos Stefanos described the pact as a “dangerous agreement” imposed under the pressure of multinational conglomerates. He especially critiqued the contrasting sanitary standards whereby, while the EU bans our farmers from using certain pesticides and antibiotics, the Mercosur deal appears to allow imports produced with these very substances. His remarks underscored the possibility of double standards in safety measures and the potential long-term impacts on Cypriot agriculture.

Economic And Safety Concerns

Legislators questioned the basis of government studies that justified backing the agreement, even as Cyprus’ agricultural sustainability is increasingly threatened by water scarcity and soaring production costs. Representatives from various political factions pointed to insufficient controls over import volumes and tariff structures. For example, Christos Orphanidis (DIKO) demanded precise data on imports from Latin America, citing honey as a case in point, and pressed for clear explanations regarding the tariff regime.

Legal And Health Implications

Questions about legal authority were raised by Elias Myriantounos (EDEK), who inquired whether parliament can reject or amend the agreement should economic studies forecast negative outcomes. Environmental advocates, like Haralambos Theopemptou of the Movement of Ecologists, emphasized the need to safeguard traditional products such as halloumi, highlighting concerns over how rigorous food safety controls will be maintained. Meanwhile, Linos Papagiannis (ELAM) cautioned against unfair competition, drawing parallels with challenges posed by lower-standard goods from occupied territories.

Protecting Local Interests

The overarching message from lawmakers was clear: the future of Cyprus’ farming community and the well-being of its citizens should not be sacrificed at the altar of commercial trade. Agricultural organizations have voiced alarm over the importation of goods potentially contaminated with banned substances, the risk of market distortion by low-quality products, and the lack of localized impact studies. They argue that the agreement is biased in favor of select corporate interests, ultimately undermining consumer safety and the livelihood of European farmers.

As this debate continues to unfold, the outcome of these deliberations will be pivotal in determining not only trade policy but also the long-term economic and food security landscape of Cyprus.

Parliamentary Committee Session
Economic Impact Discussion

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