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Cyprus Invested €213.6 Million In R&D In 2023, Up 3.2% From 2022

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

October 16, 2025

Incremental Rise in R&D Spending

Cyprus dedicated €213.6 million to research and development in 2023, amounting to 0.68% of its GDP, according to data released by Cystat. This figure represents a modest 3.2% increase over the previous year, when total expenditure reached €207 million (0.70% of GDP).

Comparative European Landscape

While research and innovation spending in Cyprus has consistently trended upward over the past decade, its relative investment remains below the EU average of 2.26%. Countries such as Malta and Romania exhibit similarly lower percentages, at 0.64% and 0.52% of GDP, respectively, as opposed to the frontrunners like Sweden (3.64%), Belgium (3.27%), and Austria (3.26%) in 2023.

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Long-Term Growth Prospects

Despite its modest share of GDP, Cyprus boasts one of the highest long-term growth rates in its bloc. Between 2000 and 2023, the nation’s R&D expenditure grew at an annual average of 9.96%, and from 2010 to 2023, this growth averaged 7.23%—significantly outpacing the EU’s averages of 4.47% and 4.62% respectively.

Sectoral and Funding Breakdown

Analysis by sector reveals that business enterprises led R&D activity with €89.6 million (41.9% of total expenditure), followed by higher education institutions at €76.9 million (36%), private non-profit organizations at €31.1 million (14.6%), and the government at €16 million (7.5%). Within the corporate sphere, investment was primarily channeled through information and communication companies (accounting for €51.7 million), complemented by pharmaceutical, electronics, and electrical equipment manufacturers, which contributed €25.9 million.

Diversified Funding Sources

Government funds underwrote 23.5% of the total R&D activity, equating to €50.2 million, a slight increase from 22.1% the previous year. Public universities injected €27 million into the ecosystem, while foreign funding, including EU contributions, provided €45.1 million. Notably, the private sector led the financing efforts with a contribution of €91.3 million, representing 42.8% of the aggregate expenditure.

Disciplinary Focus and Human Capital

Research investments were predominantly directed towards the natural sciences (€94.5 million) and engineering and technology (€66.1 million). The social sciences (€22.3 million), agricultural sciences (€12.6 million), medical sciences (€10.5 million), and humanities (€7.5 million) completed the funding profile. The R&D workforce in 2023 edged up slightly, engaging 4,257 personnel overall, including 2,308 full-time equivalent researchers, 39.4% of whom were women, with roughly one-third holding PhD qualifications.

The Future Forbes Realty Global Properties

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.