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Cyprus Central Bank Forecasts Steady Growth Amid Emerging Risks

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

September 25, 2025

The Central Bank of Cyprus has revised its macroeconomic projections for 2025, forecasting a steady expansion of the national economy while cautioning that downside risks could temper future performance. The new estimates raise GDP growth to 3.3% for 2025, downshift unemployment to 4.6%, and predict a marked easing of inflation to 1%.

Steady Growth And Revised Projections

In its September update, the central bank slightly increased the anticipated GDP growth by 0.2 percentage points relative to its June forecast, largely due to a robust tourism sector. Despite these optimistic figures, the projections for 2026 to 2027 remain unchanged, underscoring the confidence in domestic demand as the central engine of economic activity.

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Domestic Demand And Investment Momentum

Domestic consumption is expected to benefit from rising real disposable incomes as inflation pressures wane, thereby supporting private consumption. In addition, major private non-residential investments, particularly in infrastructure that bolsters digital and green development, are projected to significantly advance the growth narrative. Reform initiatives under the Recovery and Resilience Plan will further contribute, albeit with residential investment playing a smaller role.

Inflation Dynamics And Energy Price Pressures

The forecast indicates a steep decline in overall inflation—from 2.3% in 2024 to 1% in 2025—driven primarily by softer non-energy industrial goods and a moderation in food prices. However, inflation is expected to rise gradually in subsequent years, reaching 2% in 2026 and 2.2% in 2027. These adjustments are linked to anticipated increases in energy prices due to the forthcoming introduction of a carbon tax and the expanded EU Emissions Trading System.

Risks And External Influences

While the outlook is generally positive, the central bank has flagged downside risks that could disrupt service exports indirectly through global trade policy uncertainties. Conversely, positive shocks—such as anticipated tax reform, stronger wage gains, and improved profit margins—could bolster private consumption and support economic expansion. Yet, inflation risks remain slightly tilted upward in this environment.

The detailed revisions by the Central Bank of Cyprus reflect a nuanced balancing act: a promising growth trajectory underpinned by domestic demand and tourism, offset by potential external vulnerabilities. The evolving economic landscape calls for vigilant monitoring as global trade dynamics and energy policies unfold in the coming years.

The Future Forbes Realty Global Properties

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.