Cyprus Stock Exchange Initiates Certification Process For Energy Clearers

The Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE) has unveiled a significant development in the energy sector with the introduction of a mandatory certification process for energy clearers within the competitive electricity market (CEM). This strategic initiative aims to bolster market integrity and operational transparency.

Structured Certification And Examination

The certification process commences with an online seminar scheduled for July 3, 2025. During this session, participants will gain an in-depth understanding of the clearing terms that govern the competitive electricity market. A subsequent written examination, set for July 15, 2025, will assess the applicants’ proficiency in these regulatory frameworks through a multiple-choice format.

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Mandatory Prerequisite For Clearing Membership

Certification is a compulsory criterion for all entities aspiring to become registered Clearing Members in the CEM. The CSE has emphasized the importance of submitting applications promptly, as the registration process involves several stages and requires collaboration with multiple competent authorities beyond the CSE.

Application Guidelines And Fee Structure

Prospective applicants must complete their registration by sending a request to Energyclearing@cse.com.cy no later than July 2, 2025, along with a fee of €150. Payments are to be directed to one of the designated accounts at either the Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd or Hellenic Bank Public Company Ltd, as detailed on the CSE’s official website.

Comprehensive Preparatory Materials

To ensure full preparedness, the CSE has published the key topics that will be addressed during the seminar and examined in the written test. These include critical segments from the CEM Regulations such as Appendix 1.3 on “Market Clearing Position Terms,” along with its sub-sections focusing on risk management procedures and enforcement measures. In addition, candidates must familiarize themselves with various technical procedures covering membership acquisition and exit, monetary settlements, professional competencies, and the operational protocol of the Default and Crisis Management Committee.

All relevant materials are available on the official Cyprus Stock Exchange website under the electricity market regulations section, providing a valuable resource for prospective energy clearers as they prepare for the certification process.

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Copyright Law Struggles To Keep Up With AI Training

by News Editor

August 24, 2026

Courts Are Still Applying Old Copyright Rules To AI

AI companies train models on enormous amounts of published material, including books, articles and academic research. Whether using that content without authors’ permission violates copyright law remains unresolved.

Much of the debate centres on fair use, which allows copyrighted material to be used without permission in certain circumstances. Courts consider factors such as the purpose of the use, how much material was involved and its impact on the original market.

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Anthropic Case Sets An Important Precedent

A major case involving Anthropic and a group of authors provided one of the clearest rulings so far. Judge William Alsup found that using copyrighted books to train AI models was lawful, comparing the process to people reading and studying literature before creating something new.

Anthropic was nevertheless ordered to pay $1.5 billion in a settlement. The penalty concerned books the company had obtained from illegal online libraries rather than the AI training itself.

For AI companies, that distinction could prove significant because it separates studying copyrighted material from directly copying it.

Competition Could Be The Key Issue

A case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers a different perspective. A court ruled that Ross could not claim fair use after using Reuters’ copyrighted material to develop a competing AI-powered legal research platform.

The decision suggests courts may be less willing to consider AI training fair use when copyrighted content is used to build a product that directly competes with the original.

For authors, an unresolved question is whether AI-generated content should be considered competition for the works used to train these models.

The Law Has Yet To Catch Up

US copyright law predates generative AI by decades, leaving courts to apply old principles to new technology. Questions also remain over copyright protection for AI-generated works. In Thaler v. Perlmutter, a court ruled that material created entirely by AI cannot receive copyright protection.

Major AI companies remain involved in copyright litigation, and different courts could reach different conclusions. For now, there is no universal rule: the legality of AI training will depend on the circumstances of each case and how courts ultimately interpret copyright and fair use.

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