The Shift in European Working Hours: What’s Behind the Decline?

by News Editor

June 16, 2025

Over the last decade, workers across Europe have seen a gradual reduction in weekly working hours. On average, the EU has experienced a drop of one hour per week, amplifying to more than an hour in nearly half of its 34 nations.

Where Do Europeans Work the Longest?

According to recent data, countries in Southern and Eastern Europe endure the longest workweeks. Turkey leads at 43.1 hours, followed by Serbia and Bosnia. In contrast, nations like the Netherlands exhibit significantly shorter working weeks, highlighting strong labor protections.

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Decadal Shifts in Working Times

From 2014 to 2024, only four countries witnessed an uptick in working hours, with Serbia marking a rise of 1.7 hours. Meanwhile, Iceland and Turkey underwent the steepest declines, exceeding three hours.

Why Are Working Hours Declining?

Declines are closely tied to increased part-time work and greater female workforce participation, with many opting for flexible hours. A study mentioned by the ECB attributes this decline to technological advancements and voluntary part-time employment. Seeking a balance between life and work reflects increased income levels and a diminishing drive to clock in longer hours.

These dynamic factors reshape Europe’s labor markets, marking a cultural and economic shift.

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European Central Bank Report Highlights Stable Inflation and Economic Outlook

by THEFUTURE.TEAM

October 29, 2025

Overview Of Inflation Trends

The latest European Central Bank survey shows a slight decline in median inflation expectations over the next 12 months, decreasing from 2.8% in August to 2.7% in September. Despite this minor adjustment, consumer perceptions of past 12-month inflation have held steady at 3.1% for the eighth consecutive month. Long-term projections for three- and five-year inflation remain stable at 2.5% and 2.2% respectively.

Consumer Expectations Drive Income And Spending Projections

Across the board, expectations for nominal income growth over the upcoming year have remained consistent at 1.1%. However, there is a noticeable shift in spending behavior: while perceived nominal spending growth for the past year slipped slightly to 4.9% from 5.0%, expectations for spending growth over the next 12 months rose to 3.5%. Notably, lower income groups continue to forecast marginally higher spending increases compared to their higher income counterparts.

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Stability In Economic And Labour Market Outlook

Economic growth expectations are modestly pessimistic, with respondents forecasting a contraction of -1.2% over the next 12 months. Concurrently, anticipated unemployment levels remain unchanged at 10.7% a year ahead, though the outlook varies by income, with lower income households expecting unemployment rates as high as 12.7%, while higher income groups maintain expectations around 9.4%. Overall, the slight difference between current and future unemployment suggests a broadly stable labor market outlook.

Housing Market And Credit Conditions

The survey also reveals an upswing in expectations related to the housing market. Home price growth expectations have edged higher to 3.5%, and anticipated mortgage interest rates have risen modestly to 4.6%. Similar to other metrics, expectations vary by income, with lower income households expecting higher mortgage rates. In recent months, a marginal decline in reported credit tightening over the past 12 months contrasts with a renewed forecast of tighter credit conditions in the forthcoming year.

Conclusion

The ECB’s latest findings underscore the delicate balance between stable long-term economic forecasts and short-term adjustments in consumer expectations. The slight dips in inflation expectations, alongside stable perceptions of past inflation, delineate a marketplace that is both cautious and measured. As income, spending, and housing market metrics continue to evolve, these indicators provide critical insights for policymakers and investors navigating an increasingly complex economic landscape.

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